基于煤炭资源开发的西乌珠穆沁旗草原生态环境保护研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 17:26

  本文选题：煤炭资源开发　切入点：草原生态环境　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：草原地区是生态环境比较脆弱的地区,也是矿产资源蕴藏丰富的地区。21世纪以来,随着矿产资源的大力开发,生态环境保护问题日益凸显。如何在矿产资源开发过程中保护生态环境,如何通过矿产资源开发带来的经济增长进一步加强生态环境保护,是摆在我们面前亟需解决的课题。内蒙古草原地区拥有丰富的矿产资源,尤以煤炭资源最为丰富,蒙东(海拉尔盆地、二连浩特盆地)、蒙西(鄂尔多斯盆地)储量丰富的煤炭资源大多数处于草原地区。从煤炭资源储量来看,内蒙古煤炭资源保有储量为3730.80亿吨,2009年内蒙古煤炭产量超过山西省成为全国产量第一的省份。即使在煤炭价格下滑的2013年,内蒙古煤炭产量仍然高达10.3亿吨,占中国煤炭产量的27.84%。内蒙古广阔的草原和草原地区大规模煤炭资源的开发,使草原生态受到了极大的威胁,水系破坏、水源污染、粉尘污染、草原沙化退化,对蒙古族等各族农牧民的生产生活构成了一定威胁,也不利于草原地区经济、社会、资源、环境的协调可持续发展。西乌珠穆沁旗作为主要草原区和近些年煤炭资源开发的主要区域,大量开采煤炭资源致使生态环境损害严重,如何在矿产资源开发过程中保护和改善生态环境成为亟需解决的问题。又由于西乌珠穆沁旗煤炭资源开发多为露天煤矿,所造成的生态环境破坏与井工矿不同,而国内的研究偏重露天矿的相对较少,因此,有必要通过研究补充草原地区煤炭资源开发与生态环境保护方面研究的不足。这一问题的研究对于运用和发展外部性理论、可持续发展理论等具有一定的理论价值,对于解决草原地区煤炭资源开发中生态环境保护具有较强的现实意义和应用价值。论文在系统梳理国内外关于煤炭资源开发和生态环境保护等方面研究成果的基础上,分析了草原地区煤炭资源开发与生态环境保护的动因。通过访谈法等对西乌珠穆沁旗白音华煤田等进行了实地调查,并与文献分析法相结合,对西乌珠穆沁旗煤炭资源开发、经济增长、生态环境破坏和生态环境保护的困境等进行了比较深入的分析,提出了基于煤炭资源开发的生态环境保护的对策措施:以科学发展观和习近平总书记系列讲话重要精神为指导,强化草原生态环境保护;完善草原生态环境保护的立法;建设和完善草原生态环境保护的政策体系与机制;建设和完善草原生态环境保护的涉煤企业责任机制;建设和完善草原生态环境保护的居民和媒体监督机制;设定草原生态红线;实现清洁生产和循环经济,重塑美丽草原。逡逑
[Abstract]:The grassland area is a fragile region with a relatively weak ecological environment, and is also a region rich in mineral resources. Since the 21st century, with the development of mineral resources, How to protect the ecological environment in the process of mineral resources development, how to further strengthen the ecological environment protection through the economic growth brought by mineral resources development, Nei Mongol steppe region is rich in mineral resources, especially coal resources. Most of the abundant coal resources in Erlianhaote Basin and Mengxi (Ordos Basin) are located in grassland areas. Judging from the reserves of coal resources, Inner Mongolia, which has 373.08 billion tons of coal reserves, overtook Shanxi Province as the country's top producer of coal in 2009. Even in 2013, when coal prices were falling, Inner Mongolia's coal production was still as high as 1.03 billion tons. The exploitation of large-scale coal resources in the vast grasslands and grasslands of Inner Mongolia has caused great threats to grassland ecology, such as water system destruction, water pollution, dust pollution, grassland desertification degradation, It poses a certain threat to the production and life of the peasants and herdsmen of all ethnic groups such as the Mongols, and is not conducive to the economy, society and resources of the grasslands. As the main grassland area and the main area of coal resources exploitation in recent years, the exploitation of coal resources in large quantities caused serious damage to the ecological environment. How to protect and improve the ecological environment in the process of mineral resources development has become an urgent problem to be solved, and since the exploitation of coal resources in Xiwu Qimuqin Banner is mostly opencast coal mine, the ecological environment damage caused by it is different from that of well, industry and mine. However, there are relatively few researches on open-pit mines in China. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the deficiency of research on coal resources development and ecological environment protection in grassland areas. The theory of sustainable development has certain theoretical value. It is of great practical significance and application value to solve the problem of ecological and environmental protection in the exploitation of coal resources in grassland area. This paper systematically combs the research results of coal resources development and ecological environment protection at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the reasons of coal resource development and ecological environment protection in grassland area. Through the method of interview, the paper makes a field investigation on Baiyinhua coalfield of West Wuzhimuqin Banner, and combines with the literature analysis method to develop the coal resources in West Wuzhoumu Qin Banner. Economic growth, ecological environment damage and the plight of ecological environment protection were thoroughly analyzed. The countermeasures of ecological environment protection based on coal resources exploitation are put forward, such as strengthening grassland ecological environment protection, perfecting legislation of grassland ecological environment protection, guided by the scientific development view and the important spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of speeches. To construct and perfect the policy system and mechanism of grassland ecological environment protection, to construct and perfect the coal enterprise responsibility mechanism of grassland ecological environment protection, to construct and perfect the resident and media supervision mechanism of grassland ecological environment protection; Set the ecological red line of grassland; realize clean production and circular economy, reshape beautiful grassland.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.8;X171.4
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本文编号：1659295