油茶粕生物饲料在肉鸡养殖中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 10:14

本文选题：油茶粕生物饲料　切入点：肉鸡　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文采用等营养替代豆粕方案,进行油茶粕生物饲料应用于肉鸡养殖的研究,通过饲养试验测定油茶粕生物饲料对肉鸡生长、生产性能、消化功能、消化器官、免疫器官、肠道微生态的影响,确定其最适宜在肉鸡日粮中添加或替代豆粕比例;以此评价油茶粕生物饲料在家禽养殖上的应用价值,为油茶粕作为畜禽饲料原料提供畜禽应用基础数据。研究分为两个试验。试验一:油茶粕生物饲料在肉鸡养殖中的应用研究。选用192只健康且体重相近的15日龄AA肉鸡,公母各半,随机分为4组,每组4个重复。每个重复12只鸡。A组为对照组饲喂常规基础饲料。B、C、D为试验组,分别用油茶粕生物饲料替代日粮配方中15%、35%和50%的豆粕。试验结果表明:替代15%豆粕的处理组提高了肉鸡的生长性能和表观消化率。各试验组均降低了肉鸡食糜粘度和肠道pH,提高了肉鸡肠道消化酶活性;尤其是30日龄时,各试验组的肉鸡肠道胰蛋白酶活性,与对照组相比差异显著龴P0.05㖞;试验组均降低了肉鸡的腹脂率,15%替代组提高了肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率,尤其是全净膛率和腿肌率,差异显著(P0.05)。各试验组均提高了鸡肉胸肌和腿肌的肌苷酸含量,尤其是腿肌,差异显著(P0.05),降低了鸡肉的贮存损失和剪切力,且差异显著(P0.05)。各试验组均提高了肉鸡的免疫器官指数,尤其是15%和35%替代组42日龄的胸腺指数,差异显著(P0.05)。各试验组对肉鸡消化器官的发育指标和血液生化指标均无显著影响,这说明一定量的油茶粕生物饲料能够替代豆粕用于肉鸡饲料,不会影响肉鸡的消化和各主要器官的生理功能,同时能够提高肉鸡的生长性能、屠体性能和改善肉品质,促进肉鸡免疫器官的发育。试验二:油茶粕生物饲料对肉鸡肠道形态和菌群的影响研究。此项研究主要是在试验一的基础上,从肠道微生态角度,初步探究油茶粕生物饲料对肉鸡生长、生产及生理影响的机理。选取120只15日龄的AA肉鸡随机分为两组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡,A组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,B组为试验组,用油茶粕生物饲料替代豆粕的15%。结果表明:试验组十二指肠的绒毛高度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著的高于对照组龴P0.05㖞,而隐窝深度低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。在十二指肠中,大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组、乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组龴P0.05㖞,双歧杆菌数量也高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。这说明油茶粕生物饲料所含有的茶皂素、茶多酚、小肽等生物活性物质可能通过有效的改善肉鸡小肠形态,调节肠道菌群,增加有益菌含量来对肉鸡生产性能产生有益作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we studied the application of camellia oleifera meal biofeed to broiler breeding by using the scheme of equal nutrition to substitute soybean meal. The growth, production performance, digestive function, digestive organs and immune organs of broiler were determined by feeding experiment. The effect of intestinal microecology on the ratio of soybean meal to broiler diet was determined to evaluate the application value of camellia meal biofeed in poultry breeding. In order to provide basic data of animal and poultry application for Camellia oleifera meal as feed material for livestock and poultry, the study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1: the application of Camellia oleifera meal biological feed in broiler breeding. 192 AA broilers of 15 days of age, who were healthy and of similar body weight, were selected. Male and female were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 repeats in each group. The experiment results showed that the treatment group with 15% soybean meal could improve the growth performance and apparent digestibility of broiler chicken, and all the experimental groups could reduce chylostickiness of broiler chicken by using camellia camellia meal biofeed instead of soybean meal of 15% and 50% of the diet respectively, and the results showed that the treatment group with 15% soybean meal could improve the growth performance and apparent digestibility of broilers. The intestinal digestive enzyme activity of broilers was increased by degree and pH. Especially at the age of 30 days, the intestinal trypsin activity of the broilers in each trial group was significantly different from that of the control group. P0.05? In the experiment group, the abdominal fat rate of the broiler was decreased by 15%, and the slaughter rate, the total muzzle rate, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate, especially the total bore rate and the leg muscle rate, were increased in the substitute group. The content of inosine in pectoralis muscle and leg muscle, especially in leg muscle, was significantly increased in each experimental group, which decreased the storage loss and shear force of chicken, and significantly increased the immune organ index of broiler. There was significant difference in thymus index between 15% and 35% substitution groups at 42 days of age (P0.05). There was no significant effect on the development index of digestive organs and blood biochemical index of broilers in each test group. The results showed that a certain amount of camellia meal biological feed could replace soybean meal in broiler feed without affecting the digestion of broiler and physiological function of main organs, meanwhile, it could improve the growth performance, carcass performance and meat quality of broiler. To promote the development of immune organs in broilers. Experiment 2: effects of Camellia oleifera meal biofeed on intestinal morphology and flora of broilers. This study was mainly based on experiment 1 and from the point of view of intestinal microecology. To explore the mechanism of the effects of camellia meal biofeed on growth, production and physiology of broilers, 120 15 day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into two groups, each group with 4 replicates. The control group fed basal diet group B was treated with camellia meal biofeed instead of soybean meal. The results showed that the villi height and villus height / crypt depth of duodenum in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. P0.05? The depth of crypt was lower than that of control group, but the difference was not significant (P 0.05). In duodenum, the number of Escherichia coli was significantly lower than that of control group, and the number of Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that of control group. P0.05? , the number of Bifidobacterium was also higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (P0.050.This indicated that the bioactive substances such as tea saponin, tea polyphenols, small peptides and other bioactive substances contained in the biofeed of Camellia oleifera meal might effectively improve the morphology of the small intestine of broilers and regulate the intestinal flora. Increasing the content of beneficial bacteria has a beneficial effect on the performance of broilers.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

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