兽用抗生素对猪粪厌氧发酵性能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-28 22:34

本文选题：抗生素　切入点：厌氧发酵　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着畜牧业的快速发展,抗生素作为兽药和饲料添加剂被广泛应用于畜禽养殖业中,导致畜禽粪便中含有较高浓度的兽用抗生素残留量。沼气发酵技术可以有效地利用畜禽粪便来生产沼气,实现畜禽粪便的无害化处理和能源化转换,然而,畜禽粪便中残留的兽用抗生素成分是造成沼气发酵低效运行的原因之一。本论文以玉米秸秆和新鲜猪粪为原料进行厌氧发酵,分别添加不同浓度的恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶两种抗生素,利用自制的简易恒温厌氧发酵装置进行试验,分别研究外源添加恩诺沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶对猪粪便厌氧发酵过程中产气速率、pH值、酶活性和微生物多样性的影响,以及为含有恩诺沙星或磺胺二甲嘧啶的畜禽粪便无害化处理、提高畜禽粪便厌氧发酵效率提供技术支持和理论依据。主要研究结论如下。(1)添加恩诺沙星的厌氧发酵试验结果表明,在厌氧发酵启动期,不同浓度的恩诺沙星对纤维素酶和脲酶活性都有明显抑制效果,添加低浓度的恩诺沙星促进了蔗糖酶活性,而添加中高浓度的恩诺沙星则抑制了蔗糖酶活性;到厌氧发酵末期,所有处理的纤维素酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性基本相同。在厌氧发酵的5-31d,添加恩诺沙星对产气速率抑制作用明显,在厌氧发酵末期,产气速率受恩诺沙星的影响很小。在厌氧发酵结束时,添加20mg.kg-1、60mg·g-1、120mn·kg-1的恩诺沙星处理的总产气量分别是对照组总产气量的 92.6%、87.8%和 84.3%。(2)添加磺胺二甲嘧啶的厌氧发酵试验结果表明,在厌氧发酵启动期,低浓度的磺胺二甲嘧啶对脲酶活性表现为促进作用,在发酵末期,高浓度的磺胺二甲嘧啶促进了脱氢酶活性,在其他阶段对酶活性几乎没有影响;磺胺二甲嘧啶对厌氧发酵产气速率的影响与恩诺沙星基本相同;添加20mg·kg-1、60mg—kg-1、120mg,kg-1的磺胺二甲、陡处理的总产气量分别是对照组的91.56%、84.5%和79.52%。(3)分别对添加恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶的厌氧发酵微生物的多样性进行分析,对厌氧发酵各阶段的AWCD值、Shannon指数和Simpson指数进行了测定。结果表明,在厌氧发酵初期,添加抗生素对厌氧发酵微生物多样性表现为抑制作用,发酵正式启动后抗生素对微生物多样性的影响不明显,到厌氧发酵末期,添加60mg.kg-1、120mg.kg-1抗生素的试验,微生物多样性相对丰富。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of animal husbandry, antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry as veterinary drugs and feed additives. The biogas fermentation technology can effectively use animal manure to produce biogas and realize the harmless treatment and energy conversion of livestock and poultry dung. However, biogas fermentation technology can make use of biogas to produce biogas effectively. However, biogas fermentation technology can effectively use animal manure to produce biogas and realize harmless treatment and energy conversion. One of the reasons for the low efficiency of biogas fermentation was the residue of veterinary antibiotics in animal manure. In this paper, corn straw and fresh pig dung were used as raw materials for anaerobic fermentation. Two antibiotics, enrofloxacin and sulfadimethazine, were added in different concentrations. The experiment was carried out with a simple isothermal anaerobic fermentation device, and the exogenous addition of enrofloxacin was studied. Effects of sulfadiazine on gas production rate, pH value, enzyme activity and microbial diversity during anaerobic fermentation of pig feces, and harmless treatment of livestock manure containing enrofloxacin or sulfadimethazine. To improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry feces to provide technical support and theoretical basis. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the results of anaerobic fermentation with enrofloxacin in the start-up period of anaerobic fermentation, Different concentrations of enrofloxacin inhibited the activities of both cellulase and urease, the low concentration of enrofloxacin promoted the activity of sucrase, while the addition of middle and high concentration of enrofloxacin inhibited the activity of sucrase; at the end of anaerobic fermentation, Enrofloxacin inhibited the activity of sucrase. The activities of cellulase, urease and sucrase in all treatments were basically the same. After 5-31 days of anaerobic fermentation, the effect of enrofloxacin on gas production rate was obvious, and at the end of anaerobic fermentation, At the end of anaerobic fermentation, the total gas production of enrofloxacin supplemented with 20 mg 路kg ~ (-1) kg-1 of enrofloxacin was 92.67.8% and 84.33% of the total gas production of control group, respectively. At the beginning of anaerobic fermentation, the low concentration sulfadiazine promoted the urease activity. At the end of fermentation, the high concentration sulfadiazine promoted the dehydrogenase activity, but had little effect on the enzyme activity in other stages. The effect of sulfadiazine on the gas production rate of anaerobic fermentation was basically the same as that of enrofloxacin. The total gas production of the steep treatment was 91.56% and 79.52% of the control group, respectively. The diversity of anaerobic fermentation microorganisms supplemented with enrofloxacin and sulfadimethazine was analyzed, respectively. The AWCD index and Simpson index of each stage of anaerobic fermentation were determined. The results showed that at the beginning of anaerobic fermentation, the microbial diversity of anaerobic fermentation was inhibited by adding antibiotics. The effect of antibiotics on microbial diversity was not obvious after the fermentation was officially started, but at the end of anaerobic fermentation, the microbial diversity was relatively rich in the experiment of adding 60mg.kg-1120mg.kg-1 antibiotics.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S859.796;S216.4

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