家庭牧场不同放牧方式对草甸草原植物群落的影响

发布时间：2018-03-31 14:10

本文选题：家庭承包制　切入点：草甸草原　出处：《草地学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：草原家庭承包制的推广实施改变了传统放牧制度,变化的放牧方式对草原植被群落造成不同影响。本研究通过对比分析内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗草甸草原3种放牧方式草场植物群落组成及α多样性指数,探究不同放牧方式对植物群落结构及多样性的影响,为改进草原家庭承包制提供参考依据。研究结果表明:四季轮牧草场的植物种数最多,四季轮牧与两季轮牧草场的原生建群种重要值较大,定居放牧草场中出现了大针茅(Stipagrandis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)及星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis),且星毛委陵菜的重要值最大。四季轮牧草场植物的Shannon-wiener指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数均高于两季轮牧与定居放牧草场,且与定居放牧草场相比,Shannon-wiener指数与Margalef指数差异显著(P0.05),两季轮牧草场与定居放牧草场的4种α多样性指数均无显著差异。Shannon-wiener指数与Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数的相关系数分别为0.9421,0.5825,0.8550(P0.01)。从群落结构及生物多样性角度考虑,四季轮牧更有利于草场群落复杂结构及生物多样性的保持。
[Abstract]:The promotion and implementation of the family contract system in grassland has changed the traditional grazing system. In this study, the composition of plant communities and the 伪 diversity index of three grazing ways in the grassland of Chenbalhu Banner grassland in Inner Mongolia were compared and analyzed. The effects of different grazing methods on the structure and diversity of plant communities were explored to provide a reference for improving the household contract system in grassland. The results showed that the number of plant species was the highest in the rotation pasture of the four seasons. Four seasons rotation grazing and two seasons rotation pasturage have great importance value of primary species. There were Stipagrandishs, Leymus chinensis) and Potentilla acaulisus in settled grazing pasture, and the important value of Potentilla acaulisus was the most important. The Shannon-wiener index and Shannon-wiener index of four seasons rotation pasture were higher than those of rotation grazing and settled grazing grassland in two seasons. The difference between Shannon-wiener index and Margalef index was significant (P 0.05), and there was no significant difference in four 伪 diversity indices between rotation pasture and settlement pasture. The correlation coefficients between Shannon-wiener index and Margalef index were different. It is 0.9421, 0.5825, 0.8550, P0.01. considering the community structure and biodiversity, Four seasons rotation grazing is more conducive to the conservation of the complex structure and biodiversity of grassland community.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学农学院;中国防治荒漠化工程研究中心;内蒙古师范大学;
【基金】：福特基金“中国牧区草场产权制度改革与实践研究(2006-2013)回顾”项目(G660110346)资助
【分类号】：S812.8

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