广西市售花生、玉米黄曲霉的流行、表型及产毒特征的研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 02:19

本文选题：黄曲霉　切入点：花生　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)是一种存在于自然环境中的腐生真菌,该菌能产生大量的孢子,而这些孢子极易通过空气扩散到环境中,不仅能够污染花生、玉米等常见的经济作物,造成重大的经济损失,还严重威胁着人和动物的健康。为了解本地花生、玉米中黄曲霉的流行情况,掌握流行的黄曲霉的表型及产毒特征,本研究对广西12个地市的市售花生及玉米进行了黄曲霉的调查,对其表型及产毒能力进行了鉴定。研究首先对广西12城市销售的花生和9个城市销售的玉米中的黄曲霉污染情况进行调查分析。调查中共采集样品768份,其中花生478份,玉米290份,结果从252份样品中分离出黄曲霉菌株,阳性率为32.81%,其中花生阳性率为31.59%(151/478);玉米阳性率为34.83%(101/290)。12个地市的样品均有黄曲霉的污染,检出率为20.00%～55.00%,防城港、崇左两地最为严重,不同采样日期、季节之间未见明显差异,但检出率有随着降雨量增加而增高的趋势。其次对收集的不同地区、不同来源(花生、玉米以及养殖场空气、蛋表、家禽口腔和肺脏)的黄曲霉的表型及产毒特征了分析。对分离的339株黄曲霉菌核的测定结果显示广西本地分离的黄曲霉以N型为优势型,19.17%(65/339)为 S 型,27.43%(93/339)为 L 型,53.39%(181/339)为N型。其后从中随机选取162株进行黄曲霉毒素B1的检测,经酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测,共检出产毒菌63株,S型菌株产毒能力最强,范围0～712.34ng/ml,平均产毒量为357.33ng/ml;其次为L型菌株,平均产毒量为180.53 ng/ml;产毒量最低的N型平均产毒量133.43 ng/ml。本研究的结果表明广西市售玉米、花生普遍存在黄曲霉污染,本地黄曲霉主要以N型为主,依次分别为L型、S型,S型产AFB1能力最强,N型产AFB1最低。
[Abstract]:Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus flavus) is a saprophytic fungus found in the natural environment, which produces a large number of spores, which can spread easily through the air to the environment and can not only pollute common cash crops such as peanuts and corn.Causing great economic losses, but also a serious threat to human and animal health.In order to understand the epidemic situation of Aspergillus flavus in local peanut and corn, and to know the phenotype and toxic characteristics of Aspergillus flavus, the investigation of Aspergillus flavus was carried out on the market peanut and corn in 12 cities in Guangxi.Its phenotype and virulence were identified.The pollution of Aspergillus flavus in peanut sold in 12 cities of Guangxi and corn sold in 9 cities was investigated and analyzed.A total of 768 samples were collected, of which 478 were peanuts and 290 were corn. As a result, Aspergillus flavus strains were isolated from 252 samples, with a positive rate of 32.81%, of which the positive rate of peanut was 31.59%, and the positive rate of corn was 34.833% 101290%. The samples in 12 cities were contaminated by aflatoxin.The detection rate was 20.00 and 55.00, Fangchenggang and Chongzuo were the most serious. There was no obvious difference between different sampling dates and seasons, but the detection rate increased with the increase of rainfall.Secondly, the phenotypic and toxic characteristics of Aspergillus flavus collected from different areas, different sources (peanut, corn and farm air, egg table, poultry oral cavity and lung) were analyzed.The results of the determination of 339 strains of Aspergillus flavus nucleus showed that the dominant type of Aspergillus flavus in Guangxi was N type 19.17% (65 / 339), S type 27.4333 / 339) and L type 53.39% 18.1 / 339).Subsequently, 162 strains of aflatoxin B1 were selected randomly and detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). A total of 63 strains of toxin producing strains were found to have the strongest virulence, with a range of 712.34 ng / ml, with an average yield of 357.33 ng / ml, followed by L-type strain.The average toxicity production was 180.53 ng / ml, and the lowest N type was 133.43 ng / ml.The results of this study showed that Aspergillus flavus was common in corn and peanut in Guangxi market, and the local Aspergillus flavus was mainly N-type, followed by L type S type S type AFB1 production ability and N type AFB1 production ability was the lowest.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.13;S435.652;S859.87

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