台中市犬血镁异常的临床调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 06:09

本文选题：犬　切入点：血镁异常　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：镁是细胞内主要阳离子,含量仅次于钾。镁离子大部分分布于骨骼,少部分存在于肌肉及软组织中,是机体必不可少的离子,在维持生命活动方面发挥着重要的作用。在细胞内镁离子作为含量第二丰富的离子,是多种酶的辅酶因子和活化剂参与能量以及蛋白质合成的多种酶反应。体内约1%的镁存在于血液中,大部分以具有生物活性的离子型镁的形式存在,少部分结合于蛋白质或者以化合态结合于磷酸、柠檬酸盐类之中。体内镁的动态平衡调节主要依靠肠道对镁的吸收以及肾脏对镁的代谢。尽管镁离子在机体内发挥着重要的作用,但很少被兽医临床所关注。研究发现,在小动物临床中常见的血镁异常多为低血镁,临床重症犬只中低血镁的发病率可达54%,而高血镁的只有13%。本调查在台湾台中市国立中兴大学教学兽医院进行4个月,主要采取收集调查期间病例、已经死亡病例的回溯性调查研究以及血镁浓度高于4 mg/100mL的病例,通过临床诊断记录以及病史回顾,对台中市犬血镁异常的品种、性别分布以及常见原因、常见离子异常等方面进行统计学分析,获得了以下结果:(1)台中市病犬血镁异常多为高血镁。调查期间临床收治病例在1组中有32只病犬,患有高血镁8例,平均血镁浓度为4.9 mg/100 mL,无低血镁病例;死亡病例回溯2组共69例病例,高血镁14例,平均血镁浓度为5.0 mg/100 mL,低血镁2例。无论出院时是否死亡,高血镁发病率约20%~25%,且死亡犬与非死亡犬镁离子浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。死亡病例组高血镁病犬实施安乐死的仅为2例,自然发病死亡比例达85.7%。(2)在高血镁病犬中,来自1组临床病例高血镁发病原因主要为泌尿系统疾病和生殖系统疾病,来自死亡病例2组以及血镁过高(高于4 mg/100 mL)3组的高血镁病例,病犬泌尿系统疾病并发高血镁最多,其次为心血管疾病。(3)随着血液肌酐浓度上升,氮质血症越严重,血镁浓度越高,且无论是临床收集到未死亡病例还是死亡病例,当处于氮质血症4级时,血镁平均浓度均高于正常血镁浓度上限为高血镁。(4)高血镁最常见并发的离子异常表现为高血磷。1组未死亡病例中血磷平均浓度在高血镁症时为7.4 mg/100 mL,比正常血镁平均浓度4.2 mg/100 mL显著增高(P0.01),2组磷离子浓度在高血镁时平均浓度为16.2 mg/100 mL,与血镁正常时平均浓度5.6 mg/100 mL差异极显著(P0.001),且4组中磷离子平均浓度在高血镁时同样极显著高于正常血镁时平均浓度(P0.001),即无论出院犬只是否死亡,血清磷离子平均浓度在高血镁时极显著高于正常血镁时平均浓度(P0.01),并且发生死亡的高血镁犬只磷离子平均浓度极显著高于未死亡犬只(P0.01)。钾离子在2组和4组中,高血镁时平均浓度极显著高于正常血镁时平均浓度(P0.01)。钙离子和钠离子无论犬只是否死亡,在高血镁和正常血镁时平均浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Magnesium is the main cationic ion in cells, which is second only to potassium. Magnesium ions are mainly distributed in bone, and a few are found in muscle and soft tissue, so they are essential ions in the body. Plays an important role in sustaining life. Magnesium ion is the second richest ion in cells. It is a variety of enzyme reactions in which coenzyme factors and activators of many enzymes participate in energy and protein synthesis. About 1% of magnesium in the body is present in the blood, mostly in the form of biologically active ionic magnesium. A few are bound to proteins or to phosphoric acid in a combined state, In citrate salts, the homeostasis of magnesium in the body depends mainly on absorption of magnesium in the gut and metabolism of magnesium in the kidney. Although magnesium ions play an important role in the body, they are rarely concerned by veterinary clinic. The common blood magnesium abnormality in small animals is low blood magnesium. The incidence of low and middle blood magnesium in severe dogs can reach 54, while that of high blood magnesium is only 13. This investigation was conducted for 4 months at National Zhongxing University Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan. By collecting cases during investigation, retrospective investigation of dead cases and cases with blood magnesium concentration higher than 4 mg/100mL, the varieties of abnormal blood magnesium in dogs in Taichung City were analyzed by clinical diagnosis record and medical history review. Sex distribution, common causes, common ion anomalies and other aspects were analyzed statistically. The following results were obtained: (1) the abnormal blood magnesium of diseased dogs in Taichung City was mostly high blood magnesium. During the period of investigation, there were 32 sick dogs in group 1. There were 8 cases with hypermagnesium, the average blood magnesium concentration was 4.9 mg/100 mL, and no hypoglycemia was found, and 69 cases in 2 groups were retrospectively analyzed, 14 cases were high blood magnesium, the average blood magnesium concentration was 5.0 mg/100 mL, and 2 cases were low blood magnesium. Whether or not they died at discharge, The incidence of high blood magnesium was about 20% and 25%, and there was no significant difference between dead dogs and non-dead dogs (P 0.05). In the death case group, only 2 dogs with high blood magnesium were euthanized, and the natural morbidity and mortality ratio reached 85.70.2.) among the dogs with high blood magnesium disease, there was no significant difference in the concentration of magnesium ion between the dead dogs and the non-dead dogs. The main causes of hypermagnesium in clinical cases were urinary system diseases and reproductive system diseases. The causes of hypermagnesium in patients with urinary system diseases were more than those in patients with death group 2 and over high blood magnesium levels (> 4 mg/100 mL)3 group), and urinary system diseases of diseased dogs had the highest incidence of hypermagnesium. Secondly, with the increase of serum creatinine concentration, the more serious azotemia and the higher serum magnesium concentration, the higher the serum magnesium concentration, and whether there were no dead or dead cases collected clinically, when the patients were in grade 4 of azotemia, The most common complicated ion abnormality of high blood magnesium is that the mean concentration of serum phosphorus in group 1 of high blood phosphorus is 7.4 mg/100 / mL in hypermagnesium group, which is higher than that in normal group. The average concentration of P ~ (2 +) was significantly increased by 4.2 mg/100 / mL. The average concentration of P ~ (2 +) was 16.2 mg/100 / mL in high blood magnesium group, which was significantly different from that in normal blood magnesium group (5.6 mg/100 / mL). The average concentration of phosphorus ion in 4 groups was the same as that in high blood magnesium group. The average concentration of magnesium is higher than that of normal blood, P 0.001, that is, whether the discharged dog is dead or not, The average concentration of serum phosphorus ion in high magnesium group was significantly higher than that in normal blood magnesium group (P 0.01), and the average concentration of phosphorus ion in dead high blood magnesium dog was significantly higher than that in non-dead dog (P 0.01). Potassium ion in group 2 and group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 2 and group 4. The average concentration of magnesium in high blood was significantly higher than that in normal blood (P 0.01). There was no significant difference in the average concentration of calcium ion and sodium ion between high blood magnesium and normal blood magnesium, regardless of whether the dog died or not.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.292

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