冷蒿次生代谢防御系统对机械损伤的响应机制
本文选题:冷蒿 切入点:机械损伤 出处:《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:为了探讨放牧过程中的采食和践踏损伤对冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd.)次生代谢的影响,本研究以内蒙古典型草原冷蒿为研究对象,对其进行不同程度的机械损伤处理,测定处理后的冷蒿叶片和根系的膜脂脂肪酸含量、LOX活性、酚酸、单宁、黄酮、总酚含量和防御酶PPO、PAL的活性以及水浸提液成分,分析其在不同程度处理后的时序变化。本试验研究结果如下:1、通过GC-MS分析表明,冷蒿叶片和根系膜脂中均包含8种脂肪酸,主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,但成分略有不同。损伤诱导冷蒿膜脂中饱和脂肪酸棕榈酸的含量总体呈上升趋势,不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸、亚油酸和二十二碳二烯酸的含量呈下降趋势。机械损伤处理后,冷蒿体内脂肪酸代谢相关酶LOX的活性升高,至24 h达到最大值。2、各处理的冷蒿中共检测到没食子酸、原儿茶酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸8种酚酸化合物。损伤诱导冷蒿中除绿原酸外其他7种酚酸的含量均升高,多数在12 h达到最高;其中游离酚酸原儿茶酸、阿魏酸的含量明显升高,且叶片较根系响应更为迅速。3、损伤处理后,在损伤程度水平上,冷蒿体内总酚和黄酮含量逐渐升高;随着处理时间延长则先升高后降低。叶片单宁含量随处理时间升高,根系单宁含量则先升高后降低;中度和重度损伤后其含量变化较轻度更为明显。4、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是植物体内重要的防御酶,其活性的改变标志着植物化学防御体系正在发生改变。不同程度的损伤处理均能强烈诱导冷蒿叶片和根系内PPO和PAL的活性,且诱导PPO的反应非常迅速,损伤后期其活性明显降低。5、冷蒿水浸提液的主要成分是萜烯类化合物,此外还含有酚类、醇类、芳香烃和酮类化合物。损伤处理后,冷蒿水浸提液成分的总量在一定时间范围内增加,轻度处理后增加较缓慢且峰值出现晚,中度和重度处理后迅速增加,且在6 h达到峰值而后下降;轻度和中度处理后浸提液成分的种类增加,重度处理减少。各处理中萜烯类化合物的含量较对照明显增加,其中8-羟基里哪醇的增加趋势最为明显。本文对不同程度机械损伤处理后的冷蒿膜脂脂肪酸含量、LOX活性、次生代谢产物含量及防御酶活性的研究表明,冷蒿在受到损伤后,生物膜系统被破坏,体内的应激反应被激活,迅速诱导防御酶活性升高,调节次生物质的表达与积累,对胁迫因子产生响应,使其抗性增强。通过探讨冷蒿次生代谢防御系统对机械损伤的响应机制,为揭示草原植物冷蒿的耐牧性及其成为草原生态环境中重要保护者的原因提供新的资料和理论依据。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effects of feeding and trampling damage on Artemisia frigida Willd.during grazing.The effects of secondary metabolism were studied on Artemisia frigida in Inner Mongolia grassland. The content of fatty acid in membrane lipid of leaves and roots of Artemisia frigida was determined by mechanical damage, and the activity of LOX, phenolic acid, tannin, flavonoids, and the content of fatty acid in leaves and roots of Artemisia frigida were determined.The content of total phenol, the activity of defense enzyme PPO-PAL and the composition of water extract were analyzed, and the temporal changes of PPO-PAL after different degrees of treatment were analyzed.The results were as follows: 1: 1. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 8 kinds of fatty acids in leaf and root membrane lipids of Artemisia frigida, mainly unsaturated fatty acids, but the composition was slightly different.The content of saturated fatty acid palmitic acid in the membrane lipids of Artemisia frigida increased generally, but the contents of unsaturated fatty acid linolenic acid, linoleic acid and 22 carbodienoic acid decreased.After mechanical injury, the activity of fatty acid metabolism-related enzyme LOX in Artemisia annua increased, reaching its maximum value at 24 h. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, Lv Yuan acid, caffeic acid, eugenic acid, p-coumaric acid were detected in each treatment.Ferulic acid and cinnamic acid 8 kinds of phenolic acid compounds.The contents of other seven phenolic acids in Artemisia annua were all increased except Lv Yuan acid, and most of them reached the highest level at 12 h, and the contents of free phenolic acid protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid increased obviously, and the response of leaves was more rapid than that of root system.The contents of total phenols and flavonoids in Artemisia annua increased gradually at the level of injury, and then decreased and increased at first with the increase of treatment time.The content of tannin in leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of treatment time, and the change of content of tannin in roots was more obvious than that in mild and severe injury. PPOand phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) were important defense enzymes in plants.The change of its activity indicates that the plant chemical defense system is changing.The activities of PPO and PAL in leaves and roots of Artemisia annua were strongly induced by different degrees of injury, and the response to PPO was very rapid. The activity of PPO decreased significantly at the later stage of injury. The main component of water extract of Artemisia annua was terpene compounds.It also contains phenols, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones.After damage treatment, the total composition of water extract of Artemisia annua increased in a certain time range, increased slowly and the peak value appeared late after mild treatment, increased rapidly after moderate and severe treatment, and reached the peak value at 6 h and then decreased.After mild and moderate treatments, the types of extracts increased, and severe treatments decreased.The contents of terpenes in all treatments were significantly higher than those of the control, and the increasing trend of 8-hydroxylinarol was the most obvious.In this paper, the content of fatty acid in membrane lipid and the activity of LOX, secondary metabolites and defense enzymes of Artemisia frigida treated with different degree of mechanical injury were studied. The results showed that after the damage, the biofilm system was destroyed and the stress reaction in vivo was activated.The activity of defense enzyme was increased rapidly, the expression and accumulation of secondary biomass were regulated, and the resistance of secondary biomass was enhanced by response to stress factors.The response mechanism of secondary metabolic defense system of Artemisia frigida to mechanical damage was discussed in order to provide new data and theoretical basis for revealing the herding tolerance of Artemisia frigida and the reasons why it became an important protector in grassland ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】:浙江农林大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:S812.8
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