哈萨克马表型及微卫星遗传多样性研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 03:19

本文选题：哈萨克马　切入点：表型差异　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对新疆哈萨克马进行资源调查,统计哈萨克马的表型差异、毛色种类及对体尺数据的测量统计,并与哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马的体尺数据进行对比。还应用了15对微卫星标记对新疆三个马群体(阿勒泰哈萨克马、和丰哈萨克马、托里哈萨克马)和哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马共计154份试验样本进行群体遗传多样性分析,分析数据指标包括观察等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、观察杂合度(He)、期望杂合度(Ho)、Shannon信息指数(I)、多态信息指数(PIC)及中性检验。结果发现:(1)根据资源调查结果发现新疆哈萨克马的毛色涵盖了几乎所有的毛色分类中的毛色类别;2015年对哈萨克马体尺数据相比1981年伊犁哈萨克马体尺数据没有非常明显的提高,成年公马体高由139.8cm-141.5cm之间;成年母马的体高由132.9cm-133.5cm之间;与1983年哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马的体尺数据(公马体高141cm、母马体高139cm)相比,1981年哈萨克马体尺远低于哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马;新疆哈萨克马未进过选育改良原因退化的较严重。(2)15个微卫星位点在4个马群体中多态信息指数(PIC)值在0.682-910之间,数值均大于0.5说明本文所选用的15个微卫星位点均为高度多态位点。(3)4个马群体在15个微卫星位点中检测到的有效等位基因数(Ne)最高为哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马6.2133;和丰哈萨克马最低为4.5513;观察杂合度(He)哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马值为最高为0.8257,和丰哈萨克马值最低为0.7650;多态信息指数(PIC)最高值是哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马值为0.804,和丰哈萨克马值最低为0.729,这些指标表明哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马的遗传多样性丰富。(4)计算了4个马群体之间的遗传距离,发现托里哈萨克马与哈国哈萨克马的遗传距离最近为0.1492,。其次是托里哈萨克马和哈国哈萨克马与阿勒泰马遗传距离上近一些。和丰哈萨克马与其他三个马群体遗传距离较远,分别为0.2295、0.8420、0.7831,结果符合生态地理分布。本文结论主要有(1)通过资源调查发现新疆阿勒泰地区及塔城地区的哈萨克马在毛色的种类上更加的丰富,伊犁地区的哈萨克由于受到同化等因素的影响毛色种类较单一。(2)通过微卫星标记对新疆三个地区哈萨克马及哈萨克斯坦哈萨克马的遗传多样性进行分析研究发现哈萨克斯坦的哈萨克马的遗传多样性更加的丰富;新疆三个地区中和丰地区哈萨克马的遗传多样性丰富性较低。
[Abstract]:In this study, we investigated the resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang, analyzed the phenotypic differences of Kazakh horses, the types of coat color and the measurements of body measurements, and compared them with those of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan.In addition, 15 pairs of microsatellite markers were used to analyze the population genetic diversity of three horse populations (Altay Kazakh horse, Fenghasak horse, Tori Kazak horse) and Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan.The analysis data included the number of alleles, the effective alleles, the heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, the Shannon information index, the polymorphic information index (Pi) and the neutral test.The results showed that according to the results of resource survey, the color of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang covered almost all the color categories in the classification of coat color, and the body measure data of Kazakh horses in 2015 were not significantly improved compared with those of 1981 Yili Kazakh horses.The body height of adult male horse was between 139.8cm-141.5cm and that of adult mare was between 132.9cm-133.5cm. Compared with the data of Kazakhstan Kazakh horse in 1983 (141cm tall of male horse and 139cm of mares height), the body height of Kazakh horse in 1981 was much lower than that of Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan.The PICs of 15 microsatellite loci in 4 horse populations were 0.682-910.The values above 0.5 indicate that the 15 microsatellite loci selected in this paper are all highly polymorphic.) the number of effective alleles detected by four horse populations in 15 microsatellite loci is the highest 6.2133 in Kazakh Kazakh horse.The lowest value of Kazakh horse is 4.5513, the highest value of Kazakh horse is 0.8257, the lowest value of Hefeng Kazakh horse is 0.7650, and the highest value of polymorphic information index is 0.804 for Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan and 0.804 for Hefeng Kazakh horse.The lowest value was 0.729, which indicated that the genetic diversity of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan was abundant and the genetic distance between the four horse populations was calculated.It was found that the genetic distance between Tori Kazakh horse and Kazakh horse was 0.1492.The next is Tori Kazakh horse and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse and Altay horse genetic distance is closer.The genetic distance between Hefeng Kazak horse and the other three horse populations was 0.22950.0.84200.7831, respectively. The results were in accordance with the ecological geographical distribution.The conclusion of this paper is that the Kazakh horses in Altay and Tacheng areas of Xinjiang are more abundant in the kinds of fur color through the investigation of resources.The genetic diversity of Kazakh and Kazakh horses in three regions of Xinjiang were analyzed by microsatellite markers because of the influence of assimilation and other factors.The genetic diversity of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan is more abundant.The richness of genetic diversity of Kazakh horse in Zhongfeng area of Xinjiang is low.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S821

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