不同放牧方式下典型草原鼠害防治的危害阈值与经济阈值

发布时间：2018-04-05 07:55

本文选题：典型草原　切入点：啮齿动物　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究不同放牧方式对啮齿动物及植物群落的影响,可以进一步明确啮齿动物密度对牧草产量损失的关系,这对于计算草地危害阈值和经济阈值至关重要,也可以对草地畜牧业管理决策提供指导。本研究于2012年-2016年,在锡林郭勒典型草原(东乌珠穆沁旗),应用标志重捕法和样方法对啮齿动物密度以及9月份植物群落特征进行了调查,用啮齿动物密度及其日食量来估算啮齿动物对牧草的损害程度,确定牧草损失量。为了揭示不同放牧方式下啮齿动物及植物群落的动态特征,以及它们之间的互相关系,分析了啮齿动物群落的物种数特征与各物种的种群动态;同时分析了典型草原植物群落在不同放牧方式下的年度特征。研究结果表明:(1)不同放牧方式下啮齿动物群落的结构组成较为一致,过牧区的物种数略高于禁牧区、轮牧区;在2012年-2016年期间发生了群落演替的现象。并且不同放牧方式下啮齿动物捕获数量的年度变化差异不显著,但过牧区的啮齿动物数量变化率明显高于轮牧区、禁牧区。(2)不同放牧方式下植物群落组成基本相似,只有冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)的密度在2013年-2015年出现了明显降低。而不同放牧方式下植物高度差异不显著(P0.05),密度、生物量以及牧草损失比均有显著性差异(P0.05),3种放牧区中过牧区的植物高度、密度、生物量以及牧草损失比例均较低,而禁牧区均较高。(3)啮齿动物密度与牧草损失量的最佳拟合曲线是三参数S型曲线,为:Loss=k/(1+ea-rdensity);当啮齿动物密度906标准鼠单位/hm~2时,牧草产量发生最大损失(牧草产量损失比=23.30%);该类型草地啮齿动物对牧草损害的危害阈值为每公顷174标准鼠单位。(4)2012年-2016年5年的鼠害平均经济阈值为172标准鼠单位/hm~2。(5)综合考虑危害阈值与防治阈值可以得出,既不会造成明显的经济损失,也不会造成牧草发生明显损失的阈值范围为172-174标准鼠单位/hm~2。
[Abstract]:By studying the effects of different grazing methods on rodents and plant communities, the relationship between rodent density and forage yield loss can be further clarified, which is of great importance to the calculation of grassland damage threshold and economic threshold.It can also provide guidance for grassland animal husbandry management decision.In this study, the density of rodents and the characteristics of plant communities in September were investigated in the typical grassland of Xilingol (East Urumqin Banner) from 2012 to 2016.The density of rodents and their daily food intake were used to estimate the damage degree of rodents to forage and to determine the loss of forage.In order to reveal the dynamic characteristics of rodent and plant communities under different grazing patterns and their relationships, the species number characteristics of rodent communities and the population dynamics of various species were analyzed.At the same time, the annual characteristics of typical grassland plant communities under different grazing patterns were analyzed.The results showed that the composition of rodent community under different grazing methods was consistent, and the species number in overgrazing area was slightly higher than that in forbidden grazing area and rotational grazing area, and the community succession occurred from 2012 to 2016.The annual variation of rodent catch number was not significant under different grazing patterns, but the rodent population change rate in overgrazing area was significantly higher than that in rotational grazing area, and the composition of plant community was similar under different grazing modes.The density of Artemisia frigida decreased significantly from 2013 to 2015.However, there was no significant difference in plant height under different grazing patterns (P 0.05), but there were significant differences in plant height, density, biomass and the loss ratio of forage grass in three grazing areas. The plant height, density, biomass and loss ratio of forage grass in three grazing areas were lower than those in other grazing areas.The best fitting curve between rodent density and forage loss is three-parameter S-shaped curve, which is 1 ea-rdensity.When rodent density is 906 standard rat unit / unit / hm ~ 2,The maximum loss of forage yield (forage yield loss ratio is 23.30m; the threshold of damage to forage by rodents of this type is 174 standard rodent units per hectare. 4) the average economic threshold of rodent damage is 172 standard rodent units for the 5 years from 2012 to 2016.The hazard threshold and the prevention threshold can be obtained by considering the hazard threshold and the prevention threshold.The threshold range of significant loss in forage is 172-174 standard rat unit / hmmf2.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.6

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