妊娠期能量蛋白质水平对母兔繁殖和仔兔生产性能的影响

发布时间：2018-04-06 02:17

本文选题：消化能　切入点：蛋白质　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本课题旨在研究母兔妊娠期不同能量蛋白质水平日粮对母兔繁殖性能及仔兔生产性能和健康状况的影响,为妊娠母兔日粮的营养需要提供理论依据。选择健康、体况相近的经产新西兰母兔100只,随机分为5组,每组20只,妊娠后分别饲喂标准饲粮(标准组DE 10.33 MJ/kg、CP 15.54%)、低消化能低蛋白质饲粮(低能低蛋组DE 9.3 MJ/kg、CP 13.44%)、低消化能高蛋白质饲粮(低能高蛋组DE 9.4 MJ/kg、CP 18.63%)、高消化能低蛋白质(高能低蛋组DE 11.15MJ/kg、CP 13.74%)、高消化能高蛋白质饲粮(高能高蛋组DE 11.18 MJ/kg, CP18.83%)至分娩,分娩后按兔场常规饲养管理至仔兔断奶,测定母兔繁殖性能相关指标。仔兔出生后按兔场常规饲养管理至60日龄结束,测定仔兔33-60日龄生产性能。仔兔断奶后,每组选择10只体重接近该组平均体重的健康兔注射脂多糖,构建肠道损伤模型,检测仔兔的肠道粘膜免疫性能。试验结果如下(1)妊娠期不同能量蛋白质水平显著影响母兔繁殖性能。营养水平对母兔血清中促卵泡素、促黄体素、产子数和产活子数影响差异不显著(p0.05)。母兔血清雌二醇含量,低能低蛋组显著或极显著高于其余各组(p0.05或p0.01)。母兔血清胰岛素样生长因子I含量,高蛋白质组(低能高蛋、高能高蛋组)极显著高于标准组,标准组极显著高于低蛋白质组(低能低蛋、高能低蛋组)(p0.01)。高能高蛋组、高能低蛋组、对照组、低能高蛋组母兔血清中催乳素水平和产活子率显著高于低能低蛋组(p0.05)。初生窝重、初生个重、泌乳力、断奶窝重、断奶个重均以高能高蛋组最大(p0.01)。断奶存活率差异不显著,以高能高蛋组的仔兔最高(p0.05)。(2)妊娠期不同能量蛋白质水平显著影响仔兔的肠道黏膜免疫性能。母体营养水平对断奶仔兔肠道黏膜的淋巴小结面积大小、IL-6和SIgA含量影响极显著,其中,高能高蛋组极显著高于低能高蛋组,低能高蛋组极显著高于其余三组(p0.01)；高能高蛋组和低能高蛋组中IFN-γ、TNF-α、PlgR水平差异不显著(p0.05),但两者中各因子水平极显著高于标准组和低蛋白质组(低能低蛋、高能低蛋组)(p0.01)；低能高蛋组中TLR4水平极显著高于其余四组(p0.01)；母体营养水平对黏膜TLR4和P1gR mRNA表达量有显著影响：低能高蛋组中TLR4mRNA表达了以极显著高于其余四组(p0.01),高能高蛋组中P1gR mRNA表达量极显著高于其余四组(p0.01),这与TLR4、P1gR在黏膜中的蛋白质浓度基本一致。(3)妊娠期不同能量蛋白质水平显著影响其仔兔的生产性能和健康状况。各组断奶试兔中高能高蛋组仔兔始重、末重和ADG极显著高于其它四组(p0.01)；各组的ADFI和F/G差异不显著(p0.05)。高能高蛋组的仔兔的腹泻率、死亡率和健康风险指数最低,而高能低蛋组最高。综上所述,妊娠期提高日粮的营养水平,可以提高初生重,增加泌乳量、提高断奶重,增加仔兔断奶后的日增重,并且能显著增加仔兔肠道黏膜IL-6.TNF-α TLR4、P1gR的浓度和回肠淋巴小结黏膜面积大小,增加SIgA的分泌,改善仔兔的肠道黏膜免疫,提高仔兔断奶后的生产性能和健康状况。本试验研究表明妊娠期母兔蛋白质水平对母兔和仔兔的影响比能量水平更显著,即妊娠母兔饲粮蛋白质比能量更重要,但是以高能量高蛋白质为最佳。
[Abstract]:The experimental results were as follows : ( 1 ) The levels of serum insulin - like growth factor I , CP 13.74 % , low digestible energy ( DE 11.18 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , low digestible energy ( DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , low digestible energy ( DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , low digestible energy ( DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , low digestible energy protein diet ( low energy and low egg group DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , low digestible energy high protein diet ( low energy and low egg group DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , high digestible energy protein diet ( low energy and low egg group DE 11 . 15 MJ / kg , CP 13.74 % ) , high digestible energy protein diet ( low energy and low egg group ) ( p 0.01 ) , high energy and high egg group , high energy and low egg group , control group , The levels of prolactin in serum of low - energy and high - egg group were significantly higher than those in low - energy and low - egg group ( P0.05 ) .
The levels of IFN - 纬 , TNF - 伪 and PlgR in high - energy and high - egg group and low - energy high - egg group were not significant ( p < 0.05 ) , but the levels of TNF - 伪 and PlgR in the high - energy and high - egg group were significantly higher than those in the standard group and low - energy group ( low - energy and low - egg , high - energy and low - egg group ) ( p0.01 ) ;
In the low - energy high - egg group , the level of TL4 was significantly higher than that in the other four groups ( p0.01 ) .
Compared with other four groups ( p0.01 ) , the expression of TLR4 mRNA in the high - energy and high - egg group was significantly higher than that in the other four groups ( p0.01 ) , and the protein concentration in the high - energy and high - egg group was significantly higher than that in the other four groups ( p0.01 ) .
The results showed that the dietary protein level of pregnant female rabbits was more important than the energy level , that is , the dietary protein of pregnant female rabbits was more important than the energy level , but the high energy and high protein was the best .

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S829.1

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