4种霉菌毒素的吸附和降解效果研究

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:07

本文选题：霉菌毒素　切入点：黄曲霉毒素B1　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究由蒙脱石粉和酵母细胞壁组成的霉菌毒素吸附剂在黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)、伏马毒素B1(FB1)四种常见霉菌毒素上的吸附效果,并对霉菌毒素吸附剂的添加比例以及不同p H条件下的吸附效果进行了实验。同时,选取了5株符合《饲料添加剂目录》的微生物菌株对其降解毒素的效果进行了初步研究。在霉菌毒素较低浓度时,添加过量由蒙脱石粉和酵母细胞壁组成的不同比例的吸附剂,使霉菌毒素吸附剂与含有霉菌毒素标准品的液体进行充分吸附,用酶联免疫试剂盒对其中的霉菌毒素含量进行检测,结果表明:蒙脱石粉对AFB1具有明显的吸附效果,对FB1在甲醇溶液中有一定的吸附效果,对ZEN的吸附效果不明显,对呕吐毒素没有吸附效果;酵母细胞壁对AFB1、FB1、DON没有吸附效果,对ZEN有一定的吸附效果,但不显著。进一步在含有AFB1和FB1毒素标准品的甲醇溶液中添加不同比例的蒙脱石粉,充分吸附后取滤液测定AFB1和FB1毒素含量,结果显示:随着蒙脱石粉添加量的增加,吸附率也逐渐变大;在实验设定的条件下,添加0.5%蒙脱石粉,对AFB1和FB1的吸附率分别达到51.93%和84.54%。在含有AFB1和FB1毒素标准品的玉米面样品中,添加不同比例的蒙脱石粉进行吸附效果验证时出现了不同的结果:在固体样品中蒙脱石粉对AFB1毒素依然有吸附效果,且添加比例在0.5%时吸附率为72.64%;但是在固体样品中蒙脱石粉对FB1基本上无吸附效果。随后实验用含AFB1毒素纯品的玉米面样品,在模拟胃肠的不同p H溶液中对蒙脱石粉的吸附效果进行实验,结果显示:在添加比例为0.5%的情况下,不同p H环境对蒙脱石粉吸附效果的影响不大。选择5株微生物对含有AFB1、DON和ZEN的花生粕、麸皮、玉米副产物的混合物料进行固态发酵,对霉菌毒素的降解效果进行了比较,实验结果表明:在本实验条件下,地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对AFB1降解有一定的作用,其他微生物没有发现可以降解AFB1。进一步的试验表明:混合发酵比纯种发酵在降解AFB1有一定的优势。5种微生物对DON、ZEN的降解没有效果。本研究证实蒙脱石粉在液态和固态条件下对AFB1具有显著的吸附效果,对其他毒素吸附效果不明显,而酵母细胞壁则基本不具备吸附效果;对含霉菌毒素物料进行的发酵降解实验结果表明5种微生物不能高效降解饲料中的各种毒素。
[Abstract]:The adsorption effects of mycotoxin adsorbents composed of montmorillonite powder and yeast cell wall on four common mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zeaxanone (ZENN), vomitoxin (DONX) and fumartin B1 (FB1), were studied in this paper.The addition ratio of mycotoxin adsorbent and the adsorption effect under different pH conditions were also studied.At the same time, five microorganism strains in accordance with Feed Additives catalogue were selected to study the effect of toxin degradation.When the concentration of mycotoxin is lower, excessive amount of adsorbent composed of montmorillonite powder and yeast cell wall is added to make mycotoxin adsorbent fully adsorbed with liquid containing mycotoxin standard.The content of mycotoxin in montmorillonite powder was detected by Elisa kit. The results showed that montmorillonite powder had obvious adsorption effect on AFB1, a certain adsorption effect on FB1 in methanol solution, and no obvious adsorption effect on ZEN.The yeast cell wall had no adsorption effect on AFB1FB1DON, but it had a certain adsorption effect on ZEN, but it was not significant.Further adding different proportion of montmorillonite powder into methanol solution containing AFB1 and FB1 toxin standard product, the content of AFB1 and FB1 toxin was determined by the filtrate after full adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption rate increased with the increase of montmorillonite powder content.When 0.5% montmorillonite powder was added, the adsorption rates of AFB1 and FB1 reached 51.93% and 84.54% respectively.In cornflour samples containing AFB1 and FB1 toxin standard, different results were found when different proportion of montmorillonite powder was added to verify the adsorption effect: montmorillonite powder still adsorbed AFB1 toxin in solid sample.The adsorption rate of montmorillonite powder was 72.64 when the ratio of montmorillonite was 0.5 and the adsorption rate of montmorillonite powder to FB1 in solid sample was basically no effect.Then the sorption effect of montmorillonite powder was tested in different pH solution of stomach and intestine with corn flour sample containing AFB1 toxin. The results showed that the ratio of montmorillonite powder was 0.5%, and the absorption rate of montmorillonite powder was 0.5%.The adsorption efficiency of montmorillonite powder was not affected by different pH environment.Five strains of microbes were selected to ferment the mixture of peanut meal, bran and corn by-products containing AFB1DON and ZEN in solid state, and the degradation efficiency of mycotoxin was compared.Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis had a certain effect on AFB1 degradation, but no other microorganisms had found that AFB1 could be degraded by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis.Further experiments showed that mixed fermentation had some advantages over pure strain fermentation in AFB1 degradation. 5 microbes had no effect on DONZEN degradation.The results showed that montmorillonite powder had significant adsorption effect on AFB1 under liquid and solid conditions, but not on other toxins, but on yeast cell wall.The results of fermentation and degradation of mycotoxins showed that the five microbes could not degrade the toxins in feed efficiently.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816;S859.87

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