施肥对短花针茅草原土壤氮矿化速率、肥力及植被的影响

发布时间：2018-04-09 05:36

本文选题：施肥　切入点：短花针茅草原　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对内蒙古退化短花针茅荒漠草原进行连续三年施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥及其配施的试验,探讨了不同施肥处理对退化荒漠草原恢复的影响,通过比较研究2011年～2013年各处理的土壤氮矿化速率、土壤主要肥力要素及植被特征,结果表明：(1)氮肥、磷肥和氮磷肥配施都显著提高了荒漠草原生长季(7、8、9月)的氮矿化速率(NPN10N5PN2.5CK)。(2)氮肥、氮磷肥和氮磷钾肥配施可以提高荒漠草原土壤的有机质和全氮含量；磷肥、磷钾肥、氮磷肥和氮磷钾肥配施对于增加土壤全磷和速效磷含量有积极作用；钾肥、氮钾肥和氮磷钾肥配施能显著增加土壤全钾与速效钾的含量。(3)氮肥、氮磷肥和氮磷钾肥配施处理,显著增加植物群落Pielou指数、Simpson指数,植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比对照处理高,但不显著。(4)施肥能不同程度的提高荒漠草原植物群落生物量和植物高度,其中氮磷钾配施能有效提高荒漠草原植物高度；氮磷肥配施显著提高植物群落地上生物量,菊科、藜科植物尤为明显；氮钾肥配施显著提高植物群落地下生物量;氮肥的连续施用显著降低植物群落凋落物量。(5)两年的相关性分析结果表明,施肥第一年,土壤氮矿化速率与土壤全氮以及速效磷有显著的正相关关系,在施肥第二年,土壤氮矿化速率则与土壤全氮以及有机质有显著的正相关关系。说明土壤有机质、全氮以及速效磷含量对土壤氮矿化速率有较大的影响。
[Abstract]:In this study, the effects of different fertilization treatments on the restoration of degraded desert steppe of Stipa breviflora in Inner Mongolia were studied by applying nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and their combined fertilizer for three consecutive years.The soil nitrogen mineralization rate, main fertility factors and vegetation characteristics of different treatments from 2011 to 2013 were compared. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer was 1: 1.The nitrogen mineralization rate of desert steppe was significantly increased by combined application of phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. (NPN10N5PN2.5CKK), and the organic matter and total nitrogen content of desert steppe soil were increased by the combination of N and P fertilizer, P fertilizer, P and K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P K fertilizer, P fertilizer, P and K fertilizer,The combined application of N P fertilizer and N P K fertilizer had a positive effect on increasing soil total phosphorus and available P content, and K fertilizer, N K fertilizer and N P K fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil total K and available K.) N fertilizer, N P fertilizer and N P K fertilizer combined with N P and K fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil total K, N P and N P K.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of plant community was higher than that of control treatment, but not significant. Fertilization could improve the biomass and plant height of desert steppe community in different degree.The combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can effectively improve the plant height of desert steppe, the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the aboveground biomass of plant community, especially the plants of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae, and the combination of nitrogen, potassium and fertilizer can significantly increase the underground biomass of plant community.The results of two years' correlation analysis showed that the rate of soil nitrogen mineralization had a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the first year of fertilization, and in the second year of fertilization, there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen mineralization rate and soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus.There was a significant positive correlation between soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil total nitrogen and organic matter.The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus had great influence on soil nitrogen mineralization rate.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.2

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