酒糟育肥对西门塔尔牛肉中营养成分及其肉品质的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 18:25

本文选题：白酒糟 + 西门塔尔牛　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：内蒙古自治区是我国的肉牛产业大省之一,存栏量和牛肉产量都居全国领先地位。通辽市位于内蒙古自治区东北部,处于农业与畜牧业交接地带,具有天然的畜牧业发展优势,加之通辽市悠久的养殖历史,使得肉牛产业蓬勃发展。酒糟是一种优质的饲料,饲喂肉牛不但可以节约成本,还能够得到良好的养殖效果。因此本文通过对内蒙古自治区通辽市酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛的情况进行了试验研究,目的是掌握酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛实际情况,为更加科学合理的利用酒糟作为饲料饲喂西门塔尔牛提供理论依据。试验结果表明：1、白酒糟育肥条件下西门塔尔牛背最长肌的水分含量为68.74%,粗脂肪为5.09%,粗蛋白含量为23.45%。可见白酒糟是一种良好的蛋白饲料,经过酒糟育肥的西门塔尔牛肉中的蛋白含量得到提高,但是会降低肉中的水分,脂肪含量并未得到有效的提升。2、白酒糟育肥条件下西门塔尔牛背最长肌熟肉率达到42.16%,滴水损失和失水率分别是2.23%和25.46%,pH略低为5.56,剪切力能达到4.11kgf,以Lab模式所表示的肉色的L、a、b值分别为102.18、28.35、51.96。在屠宰性能方面,酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛的屠宰率达到52.19%,眼肌面积为57.91cm2,日增重约为1.00kg。认为经过酒糟育肥的西门塔尔牛屠宰率在52%左右,眼肌面积较大,但是总的增重效果不理想。另外,酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉色偏浅,嫩度较好,但是肉的保水性能不算理想。3、白酒糟育肥条件下西门塔尔牛对饲料粗脂肪、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和钙的表观消化率较高,分别达到了90.22%、70.34%、76.50%、71.61%和63.28%,对磷的表观消化率相对较低,为31.47%。试验结果表明,酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛可以在一定程度上提高西门塔尔牛对饲料中常规营养成分的消化率。4、酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸总量约为19.35%,必须氨基酸含量为8.16%,必须氨基酸约占氨基酸总量的42.19%,必须氨基酸与非必须氨基酸的比值约为72.97%；鲜味氨基酸含量为4.95±0.37g/100g,鲜甜味氨基酸含量为4.09+0.29g/100g,鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的25.74%,鲜甜味氨基酸占总量的21.11%,二者之和占比高达46.85%；经过FAO/WHO(1985)模式进行的氨基酸评分,除缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸外,其余氨基酸评分均超过理想蛋白模式。评分最好的是赖氨酸为129.88±10.24%。以上结果表明酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中氨基酸种类多、含量丰富。必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占比值较高,必须氨基酸与非必需的比值较高。以上结果表明酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中鲜甜味氨基酸所占比例较高,风味较好,必须氨基酸比例较差。5、白酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中矿质元素种类多样,其中钙含量为266.92mg/kg,磷含量为6198.44mg/kg,镁含量为547.75mg/kg,钾含量为10303.43mg/kg,铜含量为2.24mg/kg,锌含量为110.42mg/kg,铁含量为112.75mg/kg,以上元素含量均超过人体日常参考摄入量。以上结果说明,白酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中矿质含量丰富,矿质元素营养水平较高。6、本试验共测定脂肪酸30种,其中饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的43.52%,单不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的37.71%,多不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的6.64%,P/S与M/S的比值分别为0.15和0.87,n-6与n-3的比值为6.17。结果表明,酒糟育肥西门塔尔牛肉中脂肪酸组成和结构合理,与饲喂常规饲料的饲喂效果相比,并无太大差异。
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region province is one of China's beef cattle industry, breeding stock and beef production are in the leading position in the country. Tongliao city is located in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the agricultural and animal husbandry ecotone, the development of animal husbandry has natural advantage, coupled with a long history of Tongliao culture, the beef industry is booming. Lees is a feed high quality, feeding beef cattle can not only save the cost, but also can get good breeding effect. Therefore this article through to the the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Tongliao city of fattening Simmental lees were studied. The purpose is to grasp the actual situation of Simmental cattle fattening lees, provide a theoretical basis for more scientific and reasonable utilization of distiller's grains as feed Simmental. Test results show that: 1, the moisture content of distiller's grains under the condition of fattening Simmental longissimus muscle was 68.74%, crude fat Fat was 5.09%, crude protein content of 23.45%. visible distiller is a good protein feed, the protein content of the grains after fattening Simmental beef in improved, but will reduce the moisture in the meat, fat content did not improve.2, a distiller fattening Simmental longissimus muscle meat rate reached 42.16%, water loss and water loss rates were 2.23% and 25.46%, pH was 5.56 lower, the shear force can reach 4.11kgf in Lab mode represented by the color of L, a, B = 102.18,28.35,51.96. at slaughter performance, bad wine fattening Simmental cattle slaughter rate reached 52.19%, the eye area is 57.91cm2. The weight gain is about 1.00kg. after slaughter fattening Simmental lees rate of around 52%, the eye area is large, but the effect of increasing the total weight is not ideal. In addition, the lees of fattening Simmental beef lighter color, tenderness Good, but the water retention properties of meat is not ideal.3, lees conditions of Simmental cattle fattening feed on crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and calcium apparent digestibility was higher, respectively 90.22%, 70.34%, 76.50%, 71.61% and 63.28%, the apparent digestibility of phosphorus relatively low, that is 31.47%. test results,.4 can improve the lees of Simmental cattle fattening Simmental on the normal diet nutrition digestion in a certain extent, lees fattening Simmental beef amino acid is rich in amino acids, the total is about 19.35%, essential amino acid content was 8.16%, essential amino acids accounted for about 42.19% of the total amino acids, must the ratio of amino acids and non essential amino acids was about 72.97%; the content of tasty amino acids was 4.95 + 0.37g/100g, the amino acid content of fresh sweet 4.09+0.29g/100g, flavor amino acids accounted for amino acids 25.74% of the total, fresh sweet amino acids accounted for 21.11% of the total, the two accounted for more than 46.85%; after FAO/WHO (1985) model of the amino acid score, valine, methionine and cystine, the other amino acids were more than ideal protein pattern. The best score is lysine was 129.88 + 10.24%. the results show that the lees fattening Simmental beef in many kinds of amino acids, rich in content. A high ratio of essential amino acids in the total amino acids, essential amino acids and high ratio of non essential. The above results show that fresh lees fattening Simmental meat sweet amino acid in high proportion, good flavor, low.5 ratio of essential amino acids, mineral elements of distiller fattening Simmental beef variety, including calcium 266.92mg/kg, phosphorus 6198.44mg/kg, magnesium content is 547.75mg/kg, the content of potassium was 10303.43mg/kg, containing copper The amount of 2.24mg/kg, the zinc content of 110.42mg/kg, the iron content is 112.75mg/kg, the above elements are more than human reference daily intake. The results indicated that distiller fattening Simmental beef in mineral rich in mineral nutrients of the higher level of.6, this experiment detected 30 kinds of fatty acids, saturated fatty acids of total fatty acids 43.52%, single unsaturated fatty acids fatty acids 37.71%, polyunsaturated fatty acids fatty acids 6.64%, ratio of P/S and M/S were 0.15 and 0.87, showed that the ratio of n-6 and n-3 6.17. results, lees fattening Simmental beef fatty acid composition and reasonable structure, compared with the feeding effect of feeding the conventional feed, is not much difference.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

【参考文献】