新疆部分肉牛养殖场饲料和饮用水卫生质量指标地区和季节性差异比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 12:24

本文选题：肉牛 + 饲料　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆养牛业是新疆畜牧业的主要构成部分和主导产业之一,饲料和饮用水是家畜养殖业最重要的投入品,其卫生质量与畜产品质量密切相关,畜产品质量安全日益受到世界各国民众的普遍关注,我国与畜牧业发达国家相比,在立法、监督和技术研究方面尚存在一定差距。在此背景下,本文以新疆肉牛养殖业中饲料和饮用水卫生质量为研究对象,选择伊犁和阿克苏地区各2个典型的集约化肉牛养殖场,对其饮用水和饲料卫生质量状况进行检测,比较南北疆肉牛养殖场之间的差异,并以伊犁地区肉牛养殖场不同季节间饮用水和饲料卫生质量状况为案例,比较其季节性差异,探索其变化规律,为建立适合我区肉牛养殖业健康发展的地方标准提供基础资料。本研究根据相关国标规定的检测方法,对伊犁地区2个肉牛养殖场的肉牛饮用水和饲料及其主要原料的微生物、理化指标和重金属污染情况进行了检测。结果表明:1.南疆地区主要污染风险在于饲料亚硝酸盐污染和饮用水硫酸盐污染。北疆地区则主要在于大肠菌群污染。2.伊犁地区春、秋两季饮用水总大肠菌群数均出现了超标,其中春季的个体超标率高达100%,秋季个体超标率也达到了26.7%。饲料大肠菌群数冬季较低,其春、秋两季检出率高达100%。饲料霉菌含量均低于15*103cuf/g,均未出现超过标准限量的现象,但秋季霉菌污染略高,个体超标率均小于7%。3.伊犁地区三季饮用水p H、溶解性总固体、硬度、亚硝酸盐、氰化物含量范围分别为:6.53~8.72、200~480 mg/L、10.27~281.35 mg/L、0~0.98mg/L、0.004~0.065 mg/L,均符合标准限量,但春、冬两季饲料亚硝酸盐含量都存在不同程度的超标现象,最高值为39.22 mg/Kg。其中,均值超标的饲料个体超标率都高于60%。4.伊犁地区春季饮用水镉含量为0.05733 mg/L,超出了标准限量,超标率为12.5%。春季饮用水汞、镉含量较高。饲料中砷、铅、汞、镉、铬含量范围分别为:0~0.152 mg/Kg、0~0.033 mg/Kg、0~0.088 mg/Kg、0~0.078mg/Kg、0~0.0198 mg/Kg,均符合标准限量。本研究对新疆肉牛养殖业主要投入品的卫生质量进行了较为全面的评估分析,为探查新疆肉牛养殖投入品饮用水和饲料的主要风险关键点提供了重要的科学依据,为建立适合我区肉牛养殖业健康发展的地方标准和畜产品质量安全控制技术体系奠定了科学基础。
[Abstract]:Cattle farming in Xinjiang is one of the main components and leading industries of animal husbandry in Xinjiang. Feed and drinking water are the most important inputs for livestock breeding, and the hygiene quality is closely related to the quality of animal products.The quality and safety of animal products are paid more and more attention by the people all over the world. Compared with the developed countries of animal husbandry, there are still some gaps in legislation, supervision and technical research in our country.Under this background, the hygienic quality of feed and drinking water in Xinjiang beef cattle breeding industry was studied. Two typical intensive beef cattle farms in Yili and Aksu areas were selected, and the hygienic quality of drinking water and feed were tested.The differences between north and south Xinjiang beef cattle farms were compared, and the quality of drinking water and feed in different seasons of cattle farms in Yili area was taken as a case to compare their seasonal differences and explore their changing rules.To establish a healthy development of beef cattle industry for the establishment of local standards to provide basic information.In this study, the microorganism, physicochemical index and heavy metal pollution of beef cattle drinking water and feed and its main raw materials in two beef farms in Yili area were detected according to the detection methods prescribed by relevant national standards.The result shows that 1: 1.The main pollution risks in southern Xinjiang are feed nitrite pollution and sulphate pollution in drinking water.In northern Xinjiang, coliform contamination. 2. 2.The number of total coliform bacteria in drinking water in spring and autumn in Yili area were all over the standard, and the rate of individual exceeding the standard in spring and autumn was as high as 100 and 26.7respectively.The number of feed coliform bacteria was lower in winter, and the detection rate of coliform bacteria in spring and autumn was as high as 100.The content of molds in feed was all lower than 15 ~ 103cuf / g, and none of them had the phenomenon of exceeding the standard limit, but the contamination of mold was slightly higher in autumn, and the rate of individual exceeding standard was less than 7.3.The highest value is 39.22 mg / kg.Among them, the average exceeded the standard rate of individual feed is higher than 60. 4.The cadmium content in drinking water of Yili area in spring was 0.05733 mg / L, exceeding the standard limit and exceeding the standard limit of 12.5%.The mercury and cadmium content of drinking water in spring were higher.In this study, the hygienic quality of inputs from beef cattle owners in Xinjiang was evaluated and analyzed comprehensively, which provided an important scientific basis for exploring the main risk points of drinking water and feed for Xinjiang beef cattle breeding inputs.It has laid a scientific foundation for establishing the local standard and the quality and safety control technology system of livestock products suitable for the healthy development of beef breeding industry in our area.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.4

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