草原超载过牧的牧户异质性研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 22:43

本文选题：超载过牧 + 草畜平衡　；参考：《中国农业大学学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：为研究草原超载过牧的牧户异质性,利用2014年内蒙古自治区阿拉善左旗、四子王旗和陈巴尔虎旗3个旗县的320户牧户样本数据,对家庭承包经营模式下草原超载过牧的牧户异质性进行了研究。结果表明:中小牧户是草原超载的主体,草场经营面积越小,载畜量的草地面积单位越低。中小牧户是草场租入的主体,草场承包面积越小,租入草场的概率越高。大牧户是雇工放牧的主体,草场经营面积越大,雇工放牧的概率越高。在家庭承包经营模式下,草场面积是影响牧户是否超载和超载程度的重要因素。为了达到草原生态保护,实现草畜平衡,在制定和完善一些政策措施时,应该瞄准草原超载的主体,重点关注草地资源禀赋较差的地区和牧户。在草地资源禀赋适中的地区,应该鼓励和支持有条件的中小牧户进行草场流转,扩大草场经营规模,实现适度规模经营。在草地资源禀赋较差的地区,应该反思围栏的必要性,尝试探索新的草地管理模式,例如集体草场的社区参与式管理。
[Abstract]:In order to study the heterogeneity of pastoral households in grassland overgrazing, the data of 320 pastoral households in three flag counties of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Alashan left Banner, Siziwang Banner and Chen Barhu Banner in 2014, were used to study the heterogeneity of pastoral households.This paper studies the heterogeneity of pastoral overstocking in the mode of household contract management.The results showed that the middle and small herdsmen were the main body of grassland overloading, and the smaller the grassland area was, the lower the grassland area unit was.The smaller the contracted area, the higher the probability of renting grassland.Large herdsmen are the main part of herding by hired workers, and the larger the area of pasture management, the higher the probability of herding by hired workers.Under the mode of household contract management, the area of pasture is an important factor affecting the overloading and overloading degree of herdsmen.In order to achieve the ecological protection of grassland and realize the balance of grass and livestock, we should aim at the main body of grassland overloading and focus on the areas with poor grassland resources and pastoral households when formulating and perfecting some policies and measures.In the areas with moderate grassland resources, we should encourage and support the small and medium-sized herdsmen with conditions to carry out grassland circulation, expand the scale of grassland management, and realize moderate scale management.In areas with poor grassland resources, we should reflect on the necessity of fencing and try to explore new grassland management models, such as community participatory management of collective grassland.
【作者单位】：清华大学中国农村研究院;中国农业大学人文与发展学院;中国生态补偿政策研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(13BJY031) 清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目(201523) 中国博士后科学基金(2016M600072)
【分类号】：S812.5

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