我国推行奶牛生产性能测定的可借鉴模式及对策

发布时间：2018-04-20 00:34

本文选题：奶牛生产性能测定 + 发达国家　；参考：《中国农业科技导报》2017年05期

【摘要】：奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)是目前世界上最科学、最有效的奶牛生产管理工具。纵观20世纪后半叶全球奶业发展实践经验证明,奶牛群体改良和牧场生产效益提高,60%归功于DHI的推广应用。然而,由于我国奶业发展起步晚、地区发展不均衡、牧场规模差异大等原因,在奶牛生产性能测定项目推进过程中面临诸多问题,2013年我国奶牛参加生产性能测定的比例不足8%。针对我国在推行DHI工作中的困境,从建立完善的第三方DHI运行体系、全面精准的DHI数据积累和深度挖掘、建立细致实干的DHI数据解读与牧场管理推广机构、充分发挥行业协会的作用加强DHI工作各环节的衔接等方面,对奶业发达国家和地区推行DHI的成功经验进行了分析和梳理。在此基础上,从加强对DHI工作的重视程度与顶层设计、出台一揽子政策、建立DHI测定第三方实验室体系、改革现行原料乳定价机制、设立"DHI牵牛工程专项基金"、推进宏量DHI数据的挖掘与共享等方面提出了政策建议,以期为加快推进我国奶牛生产性能测定工作提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:DHI is the most scientific and effective dairy production management tool in the world. The global dairy industry development practice in the second half of the 20th century proves that 60% of the dairy cattle population improvement and the increase of pasture production benefit are attributed to the popularization and application of DHI. However, due to the late development of dairy industry in China, the uneven development of the region and the large difference in the scale of pasture, there are many problems in the process of the dairy cow performance measurement project. In 2013, the proportion of dairy cows participating in the measurement of production performance in China is less than 8%. In view of the difficulties in the implementation of DHI in our country, from the establishment of a perfect third party DHI operation system, the comprehensive and accurate DHI data accumulation and depth mining, the establishment of meticulous and practical DHI data interpretation and pasture management promotion organization. This paper gives full play to the role of trade associations and strengthens the connection of various links in the work of DHI, and analyzes and combs the successful experience of implementing DHI in developed countries and regions of dairy industry. On the basis of this, we should pay more attention to the work of DHI and the top-level design, issue a package of policies, establish a third-party laboratory system for the determination of DHI, and reform the current pricing mechanism of raw milk. In order to provide reference for speeding up the measurement of dairy cow production performance in China, the special fund of DHI project was set up to promote the mining and sharing of macro DHI data.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院食品营养与人类健康高精尖创新中心;中国检验检疫科学研究院;中国农业大学教育部北京市共建功能乳品重点实验室;中国农业大学动物科学技术学院;
【基金】：中国工程院重大咨询项目(2012-ZD-3)资助
【分类号】：S823

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