不同放牧管理制度对家畜行为的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 10:49

本文选题：放牧强度 + 牛羊混牧　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：放牧生态学是草地生态学研究的重要领域。放牧生态系统中家畜行为不仅与家畜本身有关,也与草地类型、放牧强度及不同家畜配置的放牧方式有关。本文通过设置于内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区不同放牧强度(轻牧、中牧和重牧)及不同放牧组合(牛羊混牧和单牧)的控制实验,采用人工全天追踪观察结合缩时拍和GPS观测记录绵羊和牛的采食、反刍、站立、卧息以及游走等行为规律,系统分析放牧强度和放牧方式等草地管理制度对家畜行为的影响,这一研究对充实放牧生态学理论及草地合理利用的应用实践均有一定的意义。主要结论如下:1)各放牧强度和放牧方式绵羊全天时间分布基本上都表现为:采食时间反刍时间保养时间。2)放牧强度对家畜行为有显著影响。重度放牧延长绵羊的采食时间(有季节差异);放牧后期,中牧条件下,反刍速率降低;轻、中牧下绵羊保养时间有延长趋势;6月份家畜在轻牧区游走里程较高,7月份在重牧区较高,9月份在重牧区较低,8月份各放牧强度间无明显差异。3)放牧方式对家畜行为有显著影响。混牧能够延长绵羊采食时间,缩短牛采食时间;混牧能够增加采食速率;混牧延长绵羊站立时间,缩短卧息时间。绵羊的采食走步速率和咀嚼每个食团的次数与时间都明显高于牛。4)放牧季节对家畜行为也有显著影响。随着生长季的推移,绵羊采食时间先缩短后延长;由于植物生长的季节变化,家畜反刍每个食团的口数和次数都随生长季的推移而增加;绵羊的站立、卧息行为随着气温变化而变化明显,牛则相对稳定,天气炎热时,绵羊站立时间延长,卧息时间缩短,反之,卧息时间延长,站立时间缩短;家畜游走里程与草场食物资源质量和数量有关,放牧初期,食物资源较少,家畜游走里程增加。总之,中等的放牧强度,结合合理的家畜组合,可在保持草地可持续的基础上,充分利用草地资源,获得更大的经济利益。
[Abstract]:Grazing ecology is an important field in grassland ecology. The behavior of livestock in grazing ecosystem is not only related to livestock itself, but also to grassland types, grazing intensity and grazing patterns of different animal configurations. The control experiments of different grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy grazing) and different grazing combinations (cattle and sheep mixed grazing and single grazing) were carried out in the typical grassland area of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia. The feeding, ruminating, standing, resting and wandering behaviors of sheep and cattle were recorded by artificial full-day tracking and GPS observation. The effects of grazing intensity and grazing methods on livestock behavior were systematically analyzed. This study has certain significance to enrich grazing ecology theory and the application practice of grassland rational utilization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the whole day time distribution of sheep under different grazing intensity and grazing mode is basically: feeding time ruminant time maintenance time. 2) grazing intensity has significant influence on livestock behavior. Heavy grazing prolonged the feeding time of sheep (there were seasonal differences; late grazing, moderate grazing conditions, the ruminant rate decreased; light, There was a tendency to prolong the maintenance time of sheep under middle grazing. The mileage of livestock walking in light grazing areas was higher in June and higher in heavy grazing areas in July. There was no significant difference in grazing intensity between different grazing intensities in heavy grazing areas in September and August. 3) grazing patterns had significant effects on livestock behavior. Mixed grazing can prolong the feeding time of sheep, shorten the feeding time of cattle, increase the feeding rate of mixed grazing, prolong the standing time and shorten the rest time of sheep. The feeding and walking rate of sheep and the number and time of chewing each feeding mass were significantly higher than that of cattle .4) the grazing season also had a significant effect on the behavior of domestic animals. As the growing season goes on, the feeding time of sheep first shortens and then prolongs; because of the seasonal variation of plant growth, the number and number of ruminants per pellet increase with the growth season; the standing of sheep, The behavior of lying rest changed obviously with the change of temperature, while that of cattle was relatively stable. When the weather was hot, the standing time of sheep was prolonged, the rest time of lying was shortened, the time of lying rest was prolonged and the time of standing was shortened. The walking mileage of livestock is related to the quality and quantity of food resources in pastures. In the early stage of grazing, the food resources are less and the mileage of livestock walks is increased. In a word, moderate grazing intensity and reasonable livestock combination can make full use of grassland resources on the basis of keeping grassland sustainable, and obtain greater economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.8

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