生物发酵床不同菌种组合发酵效果研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 21:03

  本文选题：发酵床 + 复合菌种　； 参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着养猪业向集约化模式的发展,在提高生产率的同时,每年也产生了数量巨大的粪便和污水,对环境安全造成了威胁,因此生猪粪尿如何处理成为发展现代养猪业首要考虑的问题。发酵床养猪技术是解决该问题的措施之一,并在生产实践中取得了较好的效果。目前,商业菌种和土著菌种是传统发酵床的主要菌种,而商业菌种质量参差不齐,价格相对较高,引进的土著菌种应用效果差,导致发酵床养殖成本高、利润降低,所以需要选择适合本地区的菌种进行替代来降低生产成本,提高经济效益。为筛选适宜于在西北地区推广发酵床养猪的菌种,本研究以兰州当地菌种、实验室保存的纤维素分解菌群和购买的商业菌种为供试材料,通过模拟发酵床进行试验。共设了7个处理组合,分别为:100%土著菌种(A1)、100%纤维素分解菌群(A2)、100%商业发酵菌种(A3)、30%土著菌种+70%纤维素分解菌群(B1)、70%土著菌种+30%纤维素分解菌群(B2)、50%土著菌种+50%纤维素分解菌群(B3)、不添加任何发酵菌种(CK)。试验期共计60d,前10d为发酵成熟阶段,以后每7d为1期,共7期,从酵熟后开始,每7d早上10时添加一次猪粪。试验前、第25d、第40d下午15时向A1、A2、B1、B2和B3处理组添加等量的菌种和营养液。通过测定温度、pH值、有机质、全氮、粗纤维、铵态氮等指标,结合成本分析,综合判断发酵效果,取得了以下结果:1)从发酵温度来看,添加70%土著菌种+30%纤维素分解菌群的B2组在30cm处平均温度最高(37.66±1.32℃),与其他组差异显著(P0.05)。2)在整个试验过程中,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2和B3组的pH值始终比CK组低,其中,B2组pH值最低,显著低于CK组(P0.05)。各试验组的pH值均处在7.0~8.5之间,在适宜微生物生长的范围内。3)各试验组铵态氮含量前期快速上升,达到最大值后,由于固氮微生物大量活动及NH3的大量挥发,含量逐渐降低。到第6期时,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2和B3组铵态氮含量显著低于CK组(P0.05)。4)C/N在整个试验过程中,均呈现持续下降的趋势,其中,A1、B2和B3组下降趋势明显大于其他组(P0.05)。到第7期时,各试验组C/N仍保持在20以上,其中B2组C/N最低为(21.24±0.46)。5)各试验组粗纤维的含量总体呈下降趋势,而降解率呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中在11~35d降解率最大。到第7期时,A2、B2组粗纤维的总降解率分别为44.38%和45.08%,比CK组高7.44%和8.14%。6)各试验组全氮和有机质含量总体呈降低趋势。其中,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3和CK组全氮含量分别比初始降低了36.8%、33.3%、29.6%、30.4%、27.1%、38.6%和29.7%;有机质含量分别比初始降低了12.15%、9.97%、11.47%、11.53%、11.66%、12.07%、12.76%。7)成本分析结果表明,发酵床的制作成本,B1、B2和B3组之间差异不显著,A1成本最低,A3成本最高。以上结果表明,B2组发酵的温度相对较高、pH值适宜、C/N调整较好、发酵后营养养分含量高,整体发酵效果最为理想。综合经济因素,在本试验条件下,初步确定70%土著菌种+30%的纤维素分解菌群的组合应用于发酵床效果较好。
[Abstract]:With the development of pig industry to intensive mode, while increasing productivity, it also produces a huge amount of excrement and sewage every year, which poses a threat to environmental safety. Therefore, how to deal with pig feces has become the primary consideration in the development of modern pig industry. The technology of pig raising in fermenting bed is one of the measures to solve the problem and has achieved good results in production practice. At present, commercial and indigenous strains are the main strains of traditional fermenting beds, but commercial strains are of uneven quality and relatively high price. The imported indigenous strains have poor application effect, which leads to high cost and low profit of fermenting bed culture. Therefore, it is necessary to select the strains suitable for this area to reduce the production cost and improve economic efficiency. In order to select the strains suitable for the promotion of fermenting bed for pig breeding in Northwest China, the experiment was carried out on a simulated fermenting bed with native strains, cellulosic decomposing bacteria stored in the laboratory and commercial strains purchased in Lanzhou as the test materials. There are seven treatment combinations, The results were as follows: (1) 100% acellolytic bacteria, 100% cellulose decomposition bacteria, 100% commercial fermentation strains, 30% indigenous strains, 70% cellulose decomposing bacteria, 70% indigenous strains, 30% cellulose decomposition bacteria, 50% cellulose decomposing bacteria, without adding any fermentation species. The experiment period was 60 days, the first 10 days was the stage of fermentation maturation, and every 7 days after 7 days was 1 stage, a total of 7 periods. The pig manure was added at 10:00 every 7 days after fermentation. Before the experiment, at 15:00 on the 25th day and the 40th day, the same amount of bacteria and nutrient solution were added to the treatment group A _ (1) A _ (2) B _ (1) B _ (1) B _ (2) B _ (2) and B _ (3). By measuring the pH value of temperature, organic matter, total nitrogen, crude fiber, ammonium nitrogen and so on, combined with cost analysis, the fermentation effect was judged synthetically, and the following results were obtained: 1) from the point of view of fermentation temperature, The average temperature of group B2 was the highest at 30cm (37.66 卤1.32 鈩，

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