武汉地区荷斯坦奶牛产奶和繁殖性状遗传分析

发布时间：2018-05-04 17:00

本文选题：荷斯坦奶牛 + 产奶性状　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究利用武汉市扬子江乳业有限公司武湖牧场2006~2014年间963头处于1~10胎次的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛的1771个泌乳期的繁殖和产奶性能记录(其中包括2009-2014年间牧场参加DHI测定以来的30254条产奶量记录、28169条乳脂率记录、24562条乳蛋白率记录和1568条产犊间隔记录)以及母牛和部分公牛的系谱记录,采用SPSS的最小二乘方差分析GLM过程,分析了胎次、产犊季节、产犊年份、初产月龄对305d产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和产犊间隔等指标的影响。根据显著性结果确定了固定效应,利用动物模型BLUP法通过MTDFREML程序计算牛群的遗传参数(遗传力、重复力和遗传相关),同时计算了各性状的固定效应值,分析了牛群的遗传进展。结果如下:(1)胎次对305d产奶量、乳蛋白率、产犊间隔影响均极显著(P0.01),对乳脂率影响显著(P0.05);产犊季节对305d产奶量、乳脂率影响极显著(P0.01),对乳蛋白率、产犊间隔影响显著(P0.05);产犊年份对305d产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和产犊间隔均影响极显著(P0.01);初产月龄对305d产奶量和产犊间隔影响极显著(P0.01),对乳脂率和乳蛋白率影响不显著(P0.05);产奶量对产犊间隔影响极显著(P0.01)。(2)产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和产犊间隔的遗传力分别为0.25、0.18、0.13、0.03;重复力分别为0.28、0.35、0.33、0.09。(3)305d产奶量和乳脂率、乳蛋白率之间存在中等以下强度的遗传负相关(-0.41~-0.32),305d产奶量和产犊间隔之间存在中等以下强度的遗传正相关(0.33),产犊间隔和乳脂率、乳蛋白率之间存在弱正遗传相关。(4)从2006年至2014年间牛群的305d产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和产犊间隔表型和遗传水平在波动中呈上升或延长趋势,尤其是参加湖北省DHI测试以来,产奶量和乳蛋白率的表型和遗传水平稳步提升。说明DHI对牛群的遗传改良具有重大作用。
[Abstract]:In this study, the reproductive and milking performance records of 1771 lactating Holstein cows were recorded during their lactation period from 2006 to 2014 in Wuhan Yangzijiang Dairy Industry Co., Ltd. (including the DHI determination of pastures in 2009-2014). 30254 milk yield records since 2001, including 28, 169 milk fat records and 24, 562 milk protein rates and 1568 calving intervals) and pedigree records of cows and some bulls. The effects of birth order, calving season, calving year and age of first trimester on milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate and calving interval were analyzed by using SPSS's least square analysis of variance (GLM) process. According to the significant results, the fixed effect was determined, and the genetic parameters (heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation) of cattle were calculated by MTDFREML program using BLUP method of animal model, and the fixed effect values of each trait were calculated, and the genetic progress of cattle population was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) the effects of birth order on milk yield, milk protein rate and calving interval were very significant (P 0.01) and milk fat ratio (P 0.05), milk fat ratio (P 0.01) and milk protein rate (P 0.01) were significantly affected by calving season. The calving interval had a significant effect on the milk yield and fat rate of 305d calving. The milk protein rate and calving interval had a significant effect on milk yield and calving interval of 305d, but not on milk fat rate and milk protein rate. Milk yield had a significant effect on calving interval (P 0.01 路2). The heritability of milk protein rate and calving interval were 0.25 / 0.18 / 0.130.03, respectively, and the repeatability were 0.28 / 0.35/ 0.30.3/ 0.39 / 3 / 305d milk yield and milk fat rate, respectively, and the heritability of milk protein and calving interval were 0.25 / 0.18 / 0.130.03 and 0.28 / 0.35 respectively, respectively. There was a negative genetic negative correlation between milk protein rate and milk yield below moderate intensity. There was a positive correlation between milk yield and calving interval, and there was a positive correlation between milk protein rate and calving interval, calving interval and milk fat rate. From 2006 to 2014, the milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate and phenotypic interval and genetic level of milk protein increased or prolonged, especially since the DHI test in Hubei province. The phenotypic and genetic level of milk yield and milk protein rate increased steadily. The results suggest that DHI plays an important role in the genetic improvement of cattle.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

【参考文献】