中草药添加剂对林下鸡生长性能、肉质性状及血液指标的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 00:35

本文选题：中草药添加剂 + 林下鸡　；参考：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究中草药添加剂(松针粉,黄芪,刺五加复合制剂)对林下鸡生长性能、肉质性状及血液指标的影响。试验选取300只90日龄体重相近健康无病的芦花鸡随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组一在基础饲粮中添加2%中草药；试验组二添加4%的中草药制剂。试验共61天,预饲期5天,正式试验期56天。试验结果表明：(1)生长性能：试验组平均日增重均高于对照组,试验组二比对照组提高了15.11%,差异显著(P0.05)；平均采食量试验组二同对照组相比提高了10.10%,差异显著(P0.05)；F/G各试验组均低于对照组,试验组二与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),且随着中草药添加量的增多呈下降趋势。(2)营养物质表观消化率：试验组二的粗蛋白质的消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),高出了3.30%；试验组二的粗纤维消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),高出了3.91%；各试验组的干物质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、及钙磷的表观消化率均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。(3)屠宰性能：随着中草药剂量增加,活体重、胸部重和腿部重呈上升趋势,试验组与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)；胸肌率和腿肌率各试验组均高于对照组,且各组间呈上升趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)；腹脂率逐渐降低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。(4)肌肉品质：腿部滴水损失各试验组均低于对照组,且与对照组相比,试验组二差异显著(P0.05)；剪切力值试验组低于对照组,各组间差异不显著(P0.05)；对照组的肉色L,a,b值与各试验组均表现一定的差异,试验组二效果明显(P0.05)；PH24值各组间无明显差异(P0.05)。胸部PH24各试验组高于对照组,试验组二表现差异显著(P0.05)；剪切力值试验组二低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)；b值试验组一、二同对照组相比均降低,且差异显著(P0.05)；各组间滴水损失和L、a值差异不显著(P0.05)。(5)肌肉营养成分含量：随着中草药添加剂水平的提高,胸部和腿部肌肉中蛋白质和灰分的含量呈上升趋势,且对照组与各试验组之间差异显著(P0.05)；粗脂肪的含量呈现下降趋势,但是各组间差异不显著(P0.05)；肌肉水分含量各试验组与对照组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。(6)血液生化指标：血液中总蛋白的含量各试验组均高于对照组,且试验组二表现差异显著(P0.05)；白蛋白的含量各试验组均有提高,试验组二效果最明显；GPT和GOT活性试验组二和对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)；总胆固醇含量各试验组均表现显著低于试验的对照组(P0.05)；低密度脂蛋白各试验组均低于对照组,试验组一、二表现差异显著(P0.05)；同时,高密度脂蛋白和免疫球蛋白A、G、M各组间差异不显著(P0.05),但各试验组均略高于对照组。(7)肠道菌群：随着中草药添加剂量的增多乳酸杆菌数呈现上升的趋势,各试验组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05)；大肠杆菌数对照组与各试验组相比也表现差异显著(P0.05),且随着中草药添加量的增多呈现下降的趋势,试验组二效果最明显。(8)肉质纤维：随着中草药剂量的增加,各组肌纤维的直径呈略下降趋势,肌纤维的密度呈上升趋势；但是各组间直径和密度之间差异不显著(P0.05)；说明中草药的添加对肌纤维的性状无明显的影响。(9)脂肪酸含量：随着中草药添加剂含量的增加,饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸呈下降趋势,不饱和脂肪酸的含量呈上升趋势,其中腿部棕榈油酸的含量试验组二显著高于对照组(P0.05),必需脂肪酸(亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸)的含量均呈上升趋势,花生四烯酸的含量试验组二提高50%(P0.05),亚油酸的含量试验组二比对照组提高8.15%(P0.05),其余各组差异不显著(P0.05)；胸部棕榈油酸的含量试验组二显著高于对照组(P0.05),油酸的含量试验组二比对照组提高6.76%(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果表明：在林下鸡饲粮中添加中草药制剂可以提高林下鸡的生长性能和营养物质表观消化率；可以改善林下鸡的肉质理化特性和肠道菌群,提高肉质性状；可以提高林下鸡血液中总蛋白的含量,降低胆固醇、甘油三酯的含量和GOT和GPT活性；饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸呈下降趋势,不饱和必需脂肪酸的含量呈上升趋势；对林下芦花鸡血液免疫指标和屠宰性能无显著影响。综合本试验结果,中草药添加剂的适宜添加量为4%,即2%松针粉+1%黄芪+1%刺五加组。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives ( pine needle powder , astragalus root and acanthopanax root compound preparation ) on growth performance , meat quality and blood indexes of chicken under forest .
The results showed that : ( 1 ) Growth performance : The average daily gain of the test group was higher than that of the control group , and the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( 15.11 % ) and the difference was significant ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group , the average feed intake increased by 10 . 10 % , and the difference was significant ( P 0 . 05 ) .
( 2 ) The digestibility of crude protein in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) , which was 3.30 % higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The digestibility of crude fiber in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) , which was 3.91 % higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude fat , crude ash and calcium phosphorus in each test group were higher than those in the control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) . ( 3 ) The slaughter performance : With the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the living body weight , the weight of the chest and the weight of the legs increased , the difference between the test group and the control group was not significant ( P0.05 ) ;
The rates of chest muscle and leg muscle were higher than those in control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) .
( 4 ) Muscle quality : the loss of leg drops was lower than that of control group , and the difference of test group was significant ( P0.05 ) .
The shear force value test group was lower than that of the control group , and the difference between the groups was not significant ( P0.05 ) .
The results showed that the color L , a , b of the control group were different from those of the control group , and the test group had obvious effect ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between groups of PH24 ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group , the difference was significant ( P0.05 ) .
( 5 ) The content of protein and ash in the muscles of the chest and leg increased with the increase of the level of Chinese herbal medicine additive , and the difference between the control group and the test group was significant ( P0.05 ) .
The content of crude fat showed a decreasing trend , but there was no significant difference among the groups ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between test group and control group ( P0.05 ) .
The results showed that the content of albumin increased and the test group had the most obvious effect .
Compared with the control group , there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P0.05 ) .
The total cholesterol content in each test group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
Low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) test group was lower than that of control group ( P0.05 ) .
At the same time , the difference between the high density lipoprotein and immunoglobulin A , G and M was not significant ( P0.05 ) , but the test group was slightly higher than that of the control group .
Compared with the control group , the number of E . coli showed a significant difference compared with the test group ( P0.05 ) , and with the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the effect of the test group was the most obvious . ( 8 ) The meat fiber : With the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the diameter of the muscle fibers decreased slightly , and the density of the muscle fibers increased ;
But there was no significant difference between the diameter and the density of each group ( P0.05 ) .
The content of fatty acids ( linoleic acid , linolenic acid and arachidonic acid ) increased by 50 % ( P0.05 ) , and the content of linoleic acid increased by 8 . 15 % ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group ( P0.05 ) , the content of oleic acid increased by 6.76 % ( P0.05 ) .
can improve the physical and chemical characteristics and intestinal flora of the chicken in the forest , and improve the meat quality ;
the content of the total protein in the blood of the chicken under the forest can be improved , the content of cholesterol and triglyceride and the activity of GOT and GPT can be reduced ;
The content of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the decreasing trend of saturated fatty acid myristoic acid and stearic acid .
There was no significant influence on the blood immune index and the slaughter performance of the chicken under the forest . The results of this experiment showed that the suitable adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive was 4 % , that is , 2 % pine needle powder + 1 % astragalus + 1 % acanthopanax group .

【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

【参考文献】