嫩桑收割机关键技术及整机开发

发布时间：2018-05-09 12:05

本文选题：嫩桑收割机 + AMESim仿真　；参考：《重庆理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：嫩桑作为一种新的功能型饲料,在畜牧领域具有广泛的应用前景。随着嫩桑需求量的不断增大,其收获方式由以前的嫩枝采摘转变为现在的整株收获,且一年收割多茬。论文针对目前嫩桑收割劳动强度大,同时收割后留茬高度不一、切口不平、切口破损导致后期生长无序,影响下茬收获的难题,主要开展以下几个方面的研究:(1)针对目前嫩桑收获时存在的主要问题,提出了嫩桑收割机整体设计方案,并根据功能要求将收割机分为行走底盘、收割台、输送机构、打捆机构四个模块。(2)结合嫩桑种植区的复杂地形及收割机行驶要求,提出了满足爬坡能力和通过性要求的履带底盘设计方案,完成了底盘结构设计,建立了底盘三维模型。(3)针对嫩桑收割切口不平整及破损的问题,对比分析现有的几种收割方式,选用高速旋转的圆盘刀按要求收割嫩桑。结合圆盘刀的运动特性及嫩桑收割的留茬要求,提出了具有收割高度可调节功能的收割台设计方案,完成了收割台结构设计,并建立了三维模型。(4)针对嫩桑收割后收集劳动强度大的问题,提出了采用机械结构对嫩桑进行收集的设计思路,设计了嫩桑收集所使用的归拢、夹持、输送及打捆装置。(5)结合收割机各个功能部件的动力需求特征,设计了收割机液压系统,并对液压系统的元器件进行了计算选型。采用AMESim软件对液压系统进行了仿真,并分析了液压系统设计的合理性。对液压系统进行优化,将液压马达启动瞬时冲击值从29N.m降到23N.m,同时消除了液压缸工作状态转换对系统产生的液压冲击。(6)建立收割机机架的有限元模型,并对车架进行模态分析。根据模态分析的结果,采用拓扑优化的方法对对收割机机架进行了结构优化设计。优化结果表明:收割机机架第一阶固有频率从33.9Hz提高到51.45Hz、第二阶固有频率从42.43Hz提高到66.71Hz,增幅分别为51%、57%,可有效避免共振。
[Abstract]:As a new functional feed, tender mulberry has a wide application prospect in animal husbandry. With the increasing demand of tender mulberry, the harvest method changed from the old twig picking to the whole plant harvest, and harvested many stubble in a year. The paper aims at the problem that the harvest intensity of tender mulberry is high, the stubble height is different after harvest, the cut is uneven, and the cut breakage leads to the later growth disorder, which affects the next crop harvest. Aiming at the main problems existing in the current harvest of Nengsang, the overall design scheme of the harvester is put forward, and the harvester is divided into walking chassis, harvesting table and conveying mechanism according to the functional requirements. Combined with the complex terrain and the driving requirement of harvester, the paper puts forward the design scheme of track chassis which meets the requirements of climbing ability and passing ability, and completes the design of chassis structure. In order to solve the problem of uneven and damaged cut of tender mulberry harvest, several harvesting methods are compared and analyzed, and the high speed rotating disc knife is used to harvest tender mulberry according to the requirement. Combined with the movement characteristics of disc knife and the stubble requirement of harvest, the design scheme of harvesting table with the function of adjustable harvesting height was put forward, and the structure design of harvest table was completed. In order to solve the problem of high labor intensity after harvest, the paper puts forward the design idea of collecting Nenjiang mulberry by using mechanical structure, and designs the collection and clamping of Nen mulberry, which is used in the collection of Nen mulberry. Combined with the characteristics of the dynamic requirements of the various functional components of the harvester, the hydraulic system of the harvester is designed, and the components of the hydraulic system are calculated and selected. The hydraulic system is simulated with AMESim software, and the rationality of hydraulic system design is analyzed. The hydraulic system is optimized, the instantaneous shock value of the hydraulic motor starting is reduced from 29N.m to 23N.m. at the same time, the hydraulic shock produced by the hydraulic cylinder working state conversion is eliminated. The finite element model of the harvester frame is established, and the modal analysis of the frame is carried out. According to the results of modal analysis, the structure optimization design of harvester frame is carried out by using topology optimization method. The optimization results show that the first natural frequency of the harvester frame is increased from 33.9Hz to 51.45 Hz, and the second natural frequency is increased from 42.43Hz to 66.71 Hz, with an increase of 51 / 57, which can effectively avoid resonance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S817.1

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