亚洲小车蝗宜生区划分方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:09

本文选题：亚洲小车蝗 + 植被　；参考：《中国农业科学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：蝗虫宜生区是指适宜于某种草原蝗虫生长发育的区域,影响宜生区的因素众多。植物作为重要的生态因子,对蝗虫的生长发育和种群动态有显著影响。通过植被特征分析及其与蝗虫发生关系研究,建立基于草地亚型数字化的宜生区划分方法,对于蝗害的监测预警和防控具有重要意义。本文通过宜生区草地植被特征分析,以植物优势度评价草地亚型,最多以三种植物即可描述草地亚型,基于此建立宜生区草地亚型的数字化命名方法:按优势度大小排序,(1)排序第1的优势种植物,若优势度50%,以该植物命名亚型;(2)若不符合(1)所述情况,如排序第1、第2的植物优势度之和75%,以该两种植物命名;(3)其余情况下,按优势度大小,以前3种植物命名。研究区域共分为五个草地亚型,1种植物命名的亚型占总面积的61.53%,2种植物命名的占19.76%,3种植物命名的占18.71%。结合地理信息系统(ArcGIS),通过图层处理和叠加实现宜生区草地亚型的可视化,可以定量观测亚型分布及植物构成,能够为蝗虫宜生区划分提供数据支撑和技术平台。以亚洲小车蝗为模式生物,生物学研究表明,利于生长发育的植物排序为克氏针茅糙隐子草羊草冷蒿小叶锦鸡儿,以克氏针茅为优势种的群落结构最利于其生长发育。亚洲小车蝗喜食克氏针茅和糙隐子草(0.25≤RFN0.5),少食羊草(0.025≤RFN0.25),对三种植物取食量和选择性随植物群落结构的变化而变化,线性回归分析表明,亚洲小车蝗对糙隐子草和克氏针茅的取食量在4龄(F=661.54,R2=0.9525,p0.0001)、5龄(F=41.33,R2=0.5560,p0.0001)和成虫期(F=181.36,R2=0.8461,p0.0001)均表现为负线性相关,二者在食物结构中可相互替代。亚洲小车蝗生长发育需要取食一定量的羊草,对羊草的取食显著影响对克氏针茅的选择,二者选择性指数SI极显著负相关(r=-0.5437,p0.0001)。克氏针茅和糙隐子草是影响亚洲小车蝗宜生区的关键植被因子,通过生长发育和取食特性的研究,为蝗虫宜生区划分提供了生物学依据和方法。生态学分析表明,植物生物量多样性对蝗虫密度影响最大(最佳投影向量a=0.6725),禾本科优势度对亚洲小车蝗密度影响最大(a=0.6547),其次为高优指标克氏针茅优势度(a=0.4679)。利用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型综合评价蝗虫栖境植被,并进行验证,发现投影特征值(Zi)与蝗虫密度极显著线性相关(p0.01),根据Zi大小即可判断蝗虫的发生,宜生区Zi越大,蝗虫发生的风险越高,Zi可作为蝗虫宜生指数。宜生区植被条件综合评价模型的建立,为蝗虫宜生区划分提供了可靠方法。
[Abstract]:Locust habitat is a region suitable for the growth and development of certain prairie locust. As an important ecological factor, plants have a significant influence on the growth and development of locust and population dynamics. Through the analysis of the vegetation characteristics and the relationship with the occurrence of locust, the classification of the Habitat Based on the digitization of the meadow subtypes is established. The method is of great significance to the monitoring, early warning and prevention of locust damage. Through the analysis of the grassland vegetation characteristics of Yisheng area, the grassland subtype is evaluated with plant dominance, and the meadow subtype can be described with three plants. Based on this, the digital naming method of the grassland subtype in the Yisheng area is set up: ranking according to the degree of dominance and (1) the advantage of ranking first. Plant species, if the dominance of the plant is 50%, named subtype of the plant; (2) if it does not conform to (1) conditions, such as ranking first, second of the plant dominance and 75%, named for the two plants; (3) the other cases, the size of the first 3 species is named. The study area is divided into five meadow subtypes, and the subtypes of 1 plants account for the total area 61.53. %, 2 plant names account for 19.76%, 3 species of plant named 18.71%. combined with geographic information system (ArcGIS), through the layer processing and superposition to realize the visualization of the subtype of grassland subtype in the habitat, can be quantified to observe the subtype distribution and plant composition, and can provide data support and technical platform for the division of locusts and the locust area. Biological studies have shown that the plants in favor of growth and development are the species of Artemisia kirswort. The community structure of the dominant species is the most favorable for the growth and development. The Asian trolley grasshopper is happy to eat the Stipa Kirschner and roughweed (0.25 < RFN0.5), and less (0.025 less than RFN0.25), and feed on three plants. The quantity and selectivity changed with the change of plant community structure. Linear regression analysis showed that the intake of Asiatic locusts had negative linear correlation to 4 years old (F=661.54, R2=0.9525, P0.0001), 5 years (F=41.33, R2=0.5560, P0.0001) and adult stage (F=181.36, R2= 0.8461, P0.0001), and two in the food structure. Alternative. The growth and development of Asiatic locusts need to eat a certain amount of Leymus chinensis, the feeding of Leymus chinensis has a significant influence on the selection of Stipa Kirschner, and the selective index SI of the two is significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.5437, P0.0001). The ecological analysis showed that plant biomass diversity had the greatest impact on locust density (the best projection vector a=0.6725), and the dominance of Gramineae had the greatest impact on the density of locusts in Asia (a=0.6547), followed by the dominance of Stipa Kirschner (a=0.4679). The projection pursuit model based on genetic algorithm synthetically evaluated the locust habitat vegetation and verified that the projection feature value (Zi) was significantly linear with the density of locust (P0.01). According to the size of Zi, the locust could be judged by the size of Zi. The greater the Zi, the higher the risk of locust occurrence, the Zi could be used as a locust index. The establishment of the evaluation model provides a reliable method for delineation of the locust habitat.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.6

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