陇东典型草原—滩羊轮牧系统羊粪和枯落物的分解特征

发布时间：2018-05-12 13:47

本文选题：黄土高原 + 典型草原　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：家畜粪便与枯落物是放牧生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要载体,对调节草畜元素平衡、维持草畜系统生态生产力具有重要作用。为此,以陇东黄土高原典型草原-滩羊轮牧系统为研究对象,分析放牧率(封育,2.67羊/ha,5.33羊/ha,8.67羊/ha)与放牧季节(夏季,冬季)对羊粪和枯落物分解的作用,力求为典型草原的放牧和可持续利用提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下：1.羊粪分解对放牧的响应夏季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的羊粪干物质分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分别为0.632mg/g和0.570mg/g,两者差异显著(P0.05)。冬季放牧地8.67羊/ha放牧率羊粪干物质分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分别为0.622mg/g和0.554mg/g,2.67羊/ha放牧率的羊粪分解速度显著低于其他两个放牧率(P0.05)。夏季放牧地和冬季放牧地羊粪有机碳的分解速率快慢同干物质。N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。2.枯落物分解对放牧的响应夏季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的枯落物干物质分解最快,日均分解率为0.871mg/g；封育区分解最慢(P0.05),日均分解率为0.734mg/g。冬季放牧地枯落物分解最快的是5.33羊/ha放牧率的样地,日均分解率为0.725mg/g,分解最慢的是2.67羊/ha,日均分解率为0699mg/g。夏季放牧地C、N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快,冬季放牧地C的分解在8.67/ha羊放牧率最快,N、P在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。3.混合枯落物分解对放牧的响应夏季放牧地混合枯落物分解最快的是5.33羊/ha放牧率的样地,日均分解率为0.856mg/g,分解最慢的是封育区(P0.05),日均分解率为0.684mg/g。冬季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的混合枯落物分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分别为0.856mg/g和0.716mg/g,其中2.67羊/ha放牧率混合枯落物分解速度显著低于其他两个放牧率(P0.05)。夏季放牧地与冬季放牧地混合枯落物C、N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。4.放牧率和放牧季节对羊粪和枯落物分解的作用随着放牧率的增加,羊粪及枯落物分解所需时间呈现先下降后上升的趋势。夏季放牧地羊粪、枯落物和混合枯落物分解适宜放牧率的理论值分别为6.2羊/ha、6.3羊/ha和6.4羊/ha,冬季放牧地则分别为9羊/ha、7.3羊/ha和7羊/ha。夏季放牧地枯落物分解在2.67羊/ha、5.33羊/ha、8.67羊/ha放牧率下比冬季放牧地分别快18.27%(P0.05)、20.18%(P0.05)、12.53%(P0.05)；混合枯落物分解分别快：14.16%(P0.05)、7.58%、9.26%(P0.05)；夏季放牧地羊粪分解在2.67羊/ha、5.33羊/ha放牧率下分别快2.93%、7.64%(P0.05),在8.67羊/ha放牧率下则慢2.19%。5.羊粪和枯落物的周转速率夏季放牧地,羊粪分解50%需要约25个月,分解90%需要约90个月；各放牧样地枯落物分解50%需要约17个月,分解90%需要约61个月；混合枯落物分解50%需要约17个月,分解90%需要约64个月。冬季放牧地羊粪分解50%需要约30个月,分解90%需要约100个月；各放牧样地枯落物分解50%需要约20个月,分解90%需要约72个月；混合枯落物分解50%需要约18个月。6.物种多样性对枯落物分解的作用枯落物混合处理后,夏季放牧地枯落物物种数提高88.0%,其质量分解速率下降1.43%,碳归还速率提高1.42%,氮归还速率下降2.79%,磷归还速率提高13.12%,其中磷归还速率显著提高(P0.05)；冬季放牧地枯落物物种数提高61.7%,其质量分解速率、碳、氮和磷归还速率分别提高6.24%、4.48%、16.10%和7.85%,其中质量分解、氮和磷归还有显著提高(P0.05)。适当放牧有利于羊粪和枯落物的养分归还,夏季放牧比冬季放牧更有助于羊粪和枯落物分解,枯落物物种多样性高有助于养分归还。
[Abstract]:Livestock manure and litter are important carriers of material circulation and energy flow in grazing ecosystem. It plays an important role in regulating the balance of grass and livestock elements and maintaining the ecological productivity of livestock system. Therefore, the grazing rate (sealing, 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha, 8.67 sheep /ha) is divided into the study object of the typical steppe grazing system in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province. The effect of the grazing season (summer, winter) on the decomposition of sheep dung and litter to provide scientific basis for the grazing and sustainable utilization of the typical grassland. The main results are as follows: 1. the decomposition of sheep dung to grazing in response to the grazing rate of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate of sheep dung decomposition is the fastest, the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate is the slowest decomposition, daily average score. The difference was 0.632mg/g and 0.570mg/g, respectively (P0.05). The dry grazing rate of 8.67 sheep /ha grazing in winter grazing land was the fastest, the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was the slowest, the daily average decomposition rate was 0.622mg/g and 0.554mg/g respectively. The rate of sheep dung decomposition of 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was significantly lower than the other two grazing rates (P0.05). The decomposition rate of organic carbon in sheep dung was fast and slow with the dry matter.N, and the decomposition of P was the fastest.2. litter decomposition in 5.33 sheep /ha. The decomposition of the litter was the fastest, the daily decomposition rate was 0.871mg/g, the decomposition rate was the slowest (P0.05) and the average daily decomposition rate was 0.734mg/. The fastest decomposition of g. in the winter grazing land is 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, the daily decomposition rate is 0.725mg/g, the slowest decomposition is 2.67 sheep /ha, the daily decomposition rate is 0699mg/g. summer grazing land C, N, P decomposition is the fastest in 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, and the C decomposition in the winter grazing land is the fastest grazing rate in 8.67/ha sheep, N, 5.33 sheep grazing rate. The fastest decomposition of.3. mixed litter decomposition to grazing in response to the summer grazing land mixture decomposition is the fastest decomposition of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, the daily decomposition rate is 0.856mg/g, the slowest decomposition is the sealing area (P0.05), the daily decomposition rate is the fastest decomposition of the mixed litter of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate in the 0.684mg/g. winter grazing land, and 2.67 sheep /ha grazing. The rate decomposition is the slowest, the daily decomposition rate is 0.856mg/g and 0.716mg/g respectively, and the decomposition rate of the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate is significantly lower than the other two grazing rates (P0.05). The decomposition of the mixed litter in the summer grazing land and the winter grazing land C, N, P is the fastest.4. grazing rate at 5.33 sheep /ha and the sheep dung and litter in grazing season. As the grazing rate increased, the time required for the decomposition of sheep dung and litter showed a trend of decreasing and then rising. The theoretical values of sheep dung, litter and mixed litter decomposition in summer were 6.2 sheep /ha, 6.3 sheep /ha and 6.4 sheep /ha respectively, 9 sheep /ha, 7.3 sheep /ha and 7 sheep /ha. for summer grazing, respectively. The litter decomposition in 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha, 8.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was 18.27% (P0.05), 20.18% (P0.05), 12.53% (P0.05) faster than the winter grazing land, and the mixed litter decomposition was fast: 14.16% (P0.05), 7.58%, 9.26% (P0.05), and in summer, the sheep dung was decomposed in 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, 2.93%, 7.64% (P0.05), in 8, respectively. .67 sheep /ha grazing rate under the grazing rate of slow 2.19%.5. sheep dung and litter turnover rate in the summer grazing land, the decomposition of sheep dung 50% needs about 25 months, the decomposition of 90% needs about 90 months; the decomposition of pasture litter 50% needs about 17 months, decomposition 90% needs about 61 months; mixed litter decomposition 50% needs about 17 months, decomposition 90% needs about 64 months. Winter decomposition needs about 64 months. Winter decomposition 90% needs about 64 months. The decomposition of sheep dung in seasonal grazing land takes about 30 months, the decomposition of 90% takes about 100 months, the decomposition of the litter is 50% for about 20 months, and the decomposition 90% takes about 72 months; the mixed litter decomposition 50% requires about 18 months of.6. species diversity to the litter decomposition of litter, and the number of litter in summer grazing land. By 88%, the mass decomposition rate decreased by 1.43%, the carbon return rate increased by 1.42%, the nitrogen return rate decreased by 2.79%, the phosphorus return rate increased by 13.12%, and the phosphorus return rate increased significantly (P0.05), and the number of litter species increased by 61.7% in the winter grazing land, and its mass decomposition rate, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return rates increased by 6.24%, 4.48%, 16.10% and 7.85, respectively. There was a significant increase in mass decomposition, nitrogen and phosphorus (P0.05). Appropriate grazing was beneficial to the return of sheep dung and litter, and the summer grazing was more conducive to the decomposition of sheep dung and litter than in winter grazing, and the high species diversity of the litter was helpful to the return of nutrients.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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