浅析宁陕县畜牧业的现状和发展策略

发布时间：2018-05-12 15:10

本文选题：畜牧业 + 现状　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：畜牧业是现代农业的主要组成部分,也是农民增收的一大支柱。宁陕县是国家级贫困县又是典型的山区县,特殊的地理环境制约着畜牧业的规模化发展,近年来全县立足优良的生态环境和丰富的资源优势,积极探索林下生态养殖发展畜牧业,现已取得了初步成效。本文通过应运实地调研、查阅文献、对比分析的方法,简析了宁陕县畜牧业发展成绩、现状、优势及劣势,并针对存在的问题初步提出了相应的发展措施。宁陕县地处秦岭南坡,国土总面积3678km2,全县目前辖11个镇,80个村(社区),总人口7.40万人(年末常住人口7.09万人,其中农业人口5.87万人)。境内森林资源丰富,森林覆盖率达90.2%,草场面积广阔,有可利用草地面积6.53万hm2。全县畜牧资源的形成及其数量、品种、分布,都随着海拔高度的不同具有明显的地域差异,发展生态畜牧产业具有得天独厚的条件,正确合理开发利用,因地制宜地指导畜牧生产,趋利避害,发挥优势,都具有极其重要的意义。由于受传统养殖观念的影响,目前,大部分农户仍然存在着小农经济思想,长期以来没有把畜牧业当作主业来抓,全县以生猪为主的畜牧养殖业基础差,畜牧业产值在农业总产值中占的比重小。自2005年以来,宁陕县把畜牧产业作为全县经济发展的主要产业之一,在市场经济的带动下,经过几年发展,农民过去传统观念也发生了深刻的变化,养殖户的商品意识增强,基础条件、发展规模质量逐年增大提高。宁陕县发展畜牧业主要存在下列几方面问题:畜群结构不够合理,品种退化,生产性能差,商品率低;精饲料品种单一,青绿饲料供应不均,营养不全;基层畜牧兽医站设备简陋,资金缺乏,人员少,技术水平低。宁陕县是限制开发的重点生态功能区和核心水源地,不适宜发展规模化的畜禽养殖,根据这一特定的农业生态条件,为发挥地区优势,合理利用资源,全县应发展适度规模的生态畜牧业,主要发展策略:树立生态循环农业的思想,搞好农林牧渔结合;合理开发利用草场草坡,有计划的进行草场改良;扩大饲料生产,推广生态饲料加工技术;做好畜禽良种和先进技术推广工作;建设商品基地,打造特色畜产品;加强畜禽疫病的防治和检疫;搞好畜牧业服务体系建设;培育新型经营主体,发展适度规模经营;积极宣传生态畜牧业,增强农民参与意识。
[Abstract]:Animal husbandry is the main component of modern agriculture, but also a pillar of farmers' income. Ningshan County is a poor county at the national level and a typical mountain county. The special geographical environment restricts the development of animal husbandry on a large scale. In recent years, the whole county has established itself in excellent ecological environment and abundant resource advantages. Active exploration under the forest ecological breeding to develop animal husbandry, has achieved initial results. In this paper, the achievements, present situation, advantages and disadvantages of stockbreeding development in Ningshan County are analyzed by means of field investigation, literature review and comparative analysis, and the corresponding development measures are put forward in view of the existing problems. Ningxian County is located on the southern slope of Qinling Mountains with a total land area of 3678km2. The county currently has jurisdiction over 11 towns and 80 villages with a total population of 74000 (70900 permanent residents at the end of the year, of which 58700 are agricultural residents). The territory is rich in forest resources with a forest coverage of 90.2 and a vast grassland area with a usable grassland area of 65300 hm2. The formation, quantity, variety and distribution of animal husbandry resources in the whole county have obvious regional differences with the difference of altitude, and the development of ecological animal husbandry industry has its unique conditions, and it can be properly exploited and utilized. It is of great significance to guide livestock production according to local conditions, to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and to exert advantages. Because of the influence of the traditional breeding concept, at present, most farmers still have the idea of small-scale farming economy, they have not regarded animal husbandry as their main business for a long time, and the whole county has a poor foundation of animal husbandry, which is dominated by live pigs. The proportion of animal husbandry output value in the total output value of agriculture is small. Since 2005, the livestock industry has been regarded as one of the main industries in the economic development of the county. Driven by the market economy, after several years of development, farmers' traditional concepts have also undergone profound changes, and farmers' commodity awareness has increased. Basic conditions, development scale and quality increased year by year. The following problems exist in the development of animal husbandry in Ningshan County: the structure of livestock is not reasonable, the variety is degraded, the production performance is poor, the commodity rate is low, the variety of concentrate feed is single, the supply of green feed is uneven, and the nutrition is not complete. Grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary station equipment is simple, lack of funds, less personnel, low technical level. Ningshan County is a key ecological functional area and a core water source for limited development. It is not suitable for developing large-scale livestock and poultry breeding. According to this particular agricultural ecological condition, in order to give play to the regional advantages and make rational use of resources, The whole county should develop ecological animal husbandry on a moderate scale. The main development strategies are: setting up the idea of ecological circular agriculture, doing well the combination of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; reasonably developing and utilizing grasslands and grasslands, improving grassland in a planned way; expanding feed production; To popularize ecological feed processing technology; to do a good job in popularizing fine breeds and advanced technologies of livestock and poultry; to build commodity bases and build special animal products; to strengthen the prevention and quarantine of livestock and poultry epidemic disease; to do a good job in the construction of animal husbandry service system; and to cultivate new types of operators, Develop moderate scale management; actively promote ecological animal husbandry, enhance farmers' awareness of participation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.3

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