豆粕与发酵豆粕中主要抗营养因子调查分析

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:37

本文选题：豆粕 + 发酵豆粕　；参考：《中国农业科学》2016年03期

【摘要】：【目的】豆粕是动物饲料的主要原料,但其含多种抗营养因子(anti-nutritional factors,ANF),阻碍营养成分的消化、吸收和利用,从而影响动物的生长发育和健康。研究表明豆粕经微生物发酵可有效地降低抗营养因子含量。但由于发酵工艺、发酵菌种、豆粕本身的因素,不同生产厂家的豆粕及发酵豆粕中各抗营养因子含量差别较大,现有研究中也少有关于二者中抗营养因子水平的研究报道。为此,抽取了市售的65批次豆粕和54批次发酵豆粕,对6抗营养因子:大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制因子、棉籽糖、水苏糖、脲酶进行分析测定,以了解饲料行业使用的豆粕及发酵豆粕中的抗营养因子含量。【方法】用ELISA法(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay)对样品中的大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行测定,其分析方法和操作要求均与所购ELISA试剂盒的说明相一致,主要过程为:样品前处理、加样、洗板、加酶标试剂、显色、终止。棉籽糖和水苏糖的检测采用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测微波提取的棉籽糖和水苏糖。脲酶分析参照国标方法:加入尿素缓冲液后恒温水浴,一定时间后加入盐酸溶液停止反应后冷却,清洗试管内容物,以氢氧化钠标准溶液滴定至p H4.7后根据体积计算得出脲酶活性。【结果】调查分析后发现:豆粕和发酵豆粕中的大豆球蛋白平均含量分别为129.3、54.7 mg·g~(-1),发酵后大豆球蛋白平均含量降低了57.7%,根据百分位数法对数据进行统计分析,得出豆粕和发酵豆粕中的大豆球蛋白正常值范围分别为58.9—P_(90)(177.3 mg·g~(-1))、ND—P_(90)(109.4 mg·g~(-1))。豆粕中的β-伴大豆球蛋白平均含量为102.2 mg·g~(-1),而发酵豆粕中的β-伴大豆球蛋白为37.6 mg·g~(-1),相比豆粕降低了63.2%,使用相同的数据统计方法判定二者中β-伴大豆球蛋白含量正常值范围分别为42.8—P_(85)(147.2 mg·g~(-1))和ND—P_(85)(61.8 mg·g~(-1))。胰蛋白酶抑制因子在豆粕和发酵豆粕中平均含量分别为18.4 mg·g~(-1)和7.5 mg·g~(-1),发酵处理使其含量下降了59.1%,同时得出豆粕及发酵豆粕胰蛋白抑制因子含量正常值范围分别在ND—P_(80)(28.6 mg·g~(-1))、ND—P_(80)(9.9 mg·g~(-1))之间。豆粕和发酵豆粕中的棉籽糖平均含量分别为11.02、1.93 mg·g~(-1),发酵豆粕比豆粕减少了82.5%,豆粕和发酵豆粕中棉籽糖的正常值范围分别在ND—P_(90)(13.79 mg·g~(-1))、ND—P_(90)(4.65 mg·g~(-1))之间。豆粕中水苏糖的平均含量为29.70 mg·g~(-1),而发酵豆粕中水苏糖的平均含量为5.19 mg·g~(-1),发酵后水苏糖含量降低了82.5%,同时水苏糖的正常值范围分别在ND—P85(33.29mg·g~(-1))、ND—P_(85)(11.58 mg·g~(-1))之间;豆粕中脲酶含量正常值范围为ND—P_(97)(0.40 U·g~(-1)),发酵豆粕脲酶未检出。综上得出,发酵豆粕的抗营养因子含量与豆粕相比有不同程度的减少。【结论】在分析调查的基础上得出了现行市售豆粕及发酵豆粕主要抗营养因子的含量范围。本调查分析为饲料加工工艺的进一步优化提供数据支撑,同时能够对养殖企业选择豆粕及发酵豆粕作为饲料原材料起到一定的理论指导作用。
[Abstract]:[Objective] soybean meal is the main raw material for animal feed, but it contains a variety of anti-nutritional factors (ANF), which hinders the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients, thus affecting the growth and health of animals. The factors of fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and fermented soybean meal were different. There were few reports on the level of anti nutrition factors in the two people. Therefore, 65 batch of soybean meal and 54 batch fermented soybean meal were extracted, and 6 anti nutritional factors: soybean globulin, beta - associated big. Analysis and determination of bean globulin, trypsin inhibitor, cottonseed sugar, stachyose and urease to understand the content of anti nutrient factors in the soybean meal and fermented soybean meal used in the feed industry. [Methods] ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay) was used for the soybean protein, beta soybean globulin and trypsin inhibitor in the samples. The analysis method and operation requirement are all consistent with the instructions of the ELISA kit purchased. The main process is: sample pretreatment, sample addition, washing plate, enzyme labeling reagent, color display and termination. The detection of cottonseed sugar by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by high performance liquid chromatography (liquid chromatography, HPLC) And urease analysis refer to the national standard method: after adding urea buffer solution at constant temperature water bath, after a certain time after adding hydrochloric acid solution to cooling, cleaning the test tube content, after titration to P H4.7 sodium hydroxide standard solution to the urease activity according to the volume calculation, after the investigation and analysis found: soybean meal and fermented soybean meal The average content of soybean globulin was 129.3,54.7 mg. G~ (-1), and the average content of soybean globulin after fermentation was reduced by 57.7%. According to the percentile method, the normal range of soybean meal and fermented soybean meal was 58.9 to P_ (90) (177.3 mg g~ (-1)), ND P_ (90) (109.4 mg g~). The average content of beta - soybean globulin in the meal was 102.2 mg. G~ (-1), while beta - soybean protein in fermented soybean meal was 37.6 mg. G~ (-1) and 63.2% compared with soybean meal. Using the same data statistics, the normal range of beta soybean globulin content in two cases was 42.8 - P_ (85) (147.2 mg. G~ (-1)) and ND P_ (85) (61.8). Mg. G~ (-1)). The average content of trypsin inhibitor in soybean meal and fermented soybean meal was 18.4 mg. G~ (-1) and 7.5 mg. G~ (-1). The content of the trypsin inhibitor decreased by 59.1%, and the normal range of the content of trypsin inhibitor in soybean meal and fermented soybean meal was ND P_ (28.6 mg. 80) (9.9). The average content of cottonseed sugar in soybean meal and fermented soybean meal was 11.02,1.93 mg. G~ (-1). The fermented soybean meal was 82.5% less than that of soybean meal. The normal range of cotton seed sugar in soybean meal and fermented soybean meal was ND P_ (90) (13.79 mg. G~ (-1)), ND P_ (90), respectively. The average content of water and stinose in soybean meal was 29.70. The average content of water and stachyose in fermented soybean meal was 5.19 mg. G~ (-1), and the content of stachyose decreased by 82.5% after fermentation, and the normal range of stachyose was between ND P85 (33.29mg g~ (-1)), ND P_ (85) (11.58 mg g~), and the range of normal value of urease content in soybean meal was 97 (0.40). It is concluded that the content of the anti nutrient factor of fermented soybean meal is less than that of the soybean meal. [Conclusion] the content range of the main anti nutrient factors of the current market soybean meal and fermented soybean meal is obtained on the basis of the analysis and investigation. Breeding enterprises choose soybean meal and fermented soybean meal as raw materials for feed to play a theoretical guiding role.

【作者单位】：中国农业科学院饲料研究所;农业部食物与营养发展研究所;中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(21407176) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203015) 现代农业产业技术体系北京市家禽创新团队专项资金项目(CZ1108)
【分类号】：S816

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