后备期蛋鸡饲料加工形态及添加β-胡萝卜素对肠道发育的影响

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:15

本文选题：β-胡萝卜素 + 饲料形态　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：β-胡萝卜素在自然界的有色植物中普遍存在,并作为体内维生素A的重要来源,研究证明其具有抗氧化、增强动物繁殖性能和提高机体免疫力等功能。但β-胡萝卜素在日常使用中不易保存,极易在储存过程中被氧化。本研究通过饲料添加天然β-胡萝卜素(来源于生产胡萝卜汁的副产物胡萝卜渣)制成两种料型的饲料(颗粒料3.0粉碎和粉料3.0筛孔粉碎)进行后备期海兰褐蛋鸡饲喂试验,研究不同料型和添加β-胡萝卜素的处理,对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能、血液免疫功能、抗氧化功能以及肠道粘膜免疫功能的影响,明确β-胡萝卜素作为功能性饲料添加剂,在促进海兰褐蛋鸡生长及肠道发育方面的作用,为其作为饲料添加剂在生产中具体应用提供理论依据和实践数据。本试验选用21日龄海兰褐蛋鸡240只,随机分为4组,分别为基础日粮颗粒料组、基础日粮粉料组、添加胡萝卜素颗粒料组和胡萝卜素粉料组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期为5周(3~8周龄)。试验结果表明:在生长性能上,后备期蛋鸡颗粒料组的增重指标显著高于粉料组(P0.05)。添加胡萝卜素的对比试验组的体重指标也呈现颗粒料显著高于粉料组(P0.05),其他指标差异不明显。提示这个时期的饲料加工形态,影响蛋鸡的体重增长。从血清免疫指标、抗氧化指标比较显示:8周龄时,颗粒料在血清中MDA含量的指标显著高于粉料组(P0.05)。添加β-胡萝卜素的颗粒料与粉料组在血清IgA、MDA含量的指标显著高于不添加组(P0.05)。但对血清IgG、IgM无显著性差异(P0.05),对血清中GSH-PX、T-SOD、T-AOC也均无显著性差异(P0.05)。从8周龄时肠道发育指标和肠道长度指标比较显示,颗粒料在肠道长度的指标显著高于粉料组(P0.05)。添加β-胡萝卜素的颗粒料和粉料在十二指肠绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度都显著高于空白对照组(P0.05);十二指肠中IgA+细胞表达率和分布量显著提高(P0.05),但在回肠绒毛高度、小肠各段隐窝深度、绒腺比等指标上无显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在后备期海兰褐蛋鸡的肠道发育研究发现,颗粒料优于粉料利于肠道的生长发育;β-胡萝卜素可以从改善肠道发育,提高肠道免疫能力等方面,发挥促进蛋雏鸡的生长作用。我们的研究可以为蛋雏鸡健康养殖的生产实践提供试验依据。
[Abstract]:As an important source of vitamin A in vivo, 尾 -carotene is widely found in colored plants in nature. It has been proved that 尾 -carotene has the functions of anti-oxidation, enhancing animal reproductive performance and enhancing body immunity. However, 尾-carotene is difficult to preserve in daily use and is easily oxidized during storage. In this study, two kinds of feed (particle 3.0 crushing and powder 3.0 sieve hole grinding) were prepared by adding natural 尾 -carotene (carrot dregs, a by-product of Fresh Carrot Juice production) to feed Hailan Brown laying hens in reserve period. The effects of different feed types and 尾 -carotene on production performance, blood immune function, antioxidant function and intestinal mucosal immune function of Hailan brown laying hens were studied. 尾 -carotene was used as functional feed additive. It can promote the growth and intestinal development of Hailan brown laying hens and provide theoretical basis and practical data for its application as feed additive in production. 240 21-day-old Hailan brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups: basal diet pellet group, basal diet powder group, carotene granule group and carotene powder group, 6 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens in each group. The experiment period was 5 weeks and 8 weeks old. The results showed that the weight gain index of egg pellet group in reserve stage was significantly higher than that of powder group P0.05 in growth performance. The body weight index of the control group with carotene was significantly higher than that of the powder group (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other indexes. It was suggested that the feed processing pattern in this period affected the weight gain of laying hens. The comparison of serum immunological index and antioxidant index showed that the content of MDA in serum was significantly higher than that in powder group at the age of 8 weeks. The content of MDA in serum of granule and powder supplemented with 尾 -carotene group was significantly higher than that of non-additive group (P 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum IgGN IgM and GSH-PXX T-SODX T-AOC in serum (P 0.05). From the comparison of intestinal development index and intestinal length index at 8 weeks of age, it was found that the index of pellet grain length in intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in powder group (P 0.05). The height of duodenal villi and jejunum villi of pellets and powder supplemented with 尾 -carotene were significantly higher than those of control group (P 0.05), while the expression and distribution of IgA cells in duodenum were significantly higher than those in control group (P 0.05), but in the villi of ileum, the expression rate and distribution of 尾 -carotene in duodenum were significantly higher than those in control group. There was no significant difference in the depth of recess and the ratio of chorion gland in the small intestine (P 0.05). To sum up, in the study of intestinal development of Hailan brown laying hens in reserve period, it was found that granules were better than powder in intestinal growth and development, and beta-carotene could improve intestinal development and improve intestinal immune ability, etc. Play a role in promoting the growth of egg chicks. Our research can provide experimental basis for healthy breeding practice of egg chicks.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831.5

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