新疆草地蒸散与水分利用效率的时空特征

发布时间：2018-05-18 07:25

本文选题：蒸散 + 水分利用效率　；参考：《植物生态学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：新疆地处中国西北干旱区,草地分布广泛,具有重要的经济和生态价值,其蒸散(ET)与水分利用效率(WUE)的研究还比较薄弱,尤其是草地WUE的研究还较为缺乏。该研究基于Biome-BGC模型对气候变化背景下1979 2012年新疆不同区域、不同草地类型的ET与WUE的时空特征进行了系统模拟与分析。结果表明:1979 2012年新疆草地年平均蒸散量为245.7 mm,其年际变化趋势与降水变化趋势大体一致,蒸散量总体低于降水量;蒸散量高值区主要分布在天山、阿尔泰山、阿尔金山以及昆仑山北坡中低山带,低值区主要分布在昆仑山高山区和平原荒漠区;1979 2012年南疆草地年平均蒸散量为183.2 mm,天山区域草地年平均蒸散量为357.9 mm,北疆草地为221.3 mm,冬季北疆草地蒸散量略大于天山区域草地;新疆6类草地年平均蒸散量从大到小依次为中山草甸、沼泽草甸、典型草原、荒漠草原、高山草甸、盐生草甸,这6类草地均是夏季蒸散量最高,冬季最低,春季略高于秋季。新疆草地WUE较高的区域主要集中在天山和阿尔泰山区域,WUE较低的区域主要集中在昆仑山高山区域及部分平原区域;新疆草地全年WUE平均值为0.56 g·kg~(-1),其中春、夏、秋季分别为0.43 g·kg 1、0.60 g·kg~(-1)和0.48 g·kg~(-1);1979 2012年WUE具有显著的区域差异:北疆平均为0.73 g·kg~(-1),南疆为0.26 g·kg~(-1),天山区域为0.69 g·kg~(-1);不同草地WUE差异也较为显著,由高到低依次为中山草甸、典型草原、沼泽草甸、盐生草甸、高山草甸、荒漠草原。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in arid area of northwest China. Grassland is widely distributed and has important economic and ecological value. The study of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (Wue) is still weak, especially the study of grassland WUE. Based on the Biome-BGC model, the temporal and spatial characteristics of et and WUE in different regions and different grassland types in Xinjiang in 1979 and 2012 were systematically simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the average annual evapotranspiration of Xinjiang grassland was 245.7 mm in 2012, and the annual variation trend was consistent with that of precipitation, and the evapotranspiration was lower than that of precipitation, and the high evapotranspiration region was mainly distributed in Tianshan Mountain and Altai Mountain. Aljin Mountain and the North Slope of the Kunlun Mountains, The average annual evapotranspiration of grassland in south Xinjiang was 183.2 mm in 2012, 357.9 mm in Tianshan region and 221.3 mm in northern Xinjiang. The annual evapotranspiration of grassland in northern Xinjiang was slightly larger than that in Tianshan region in winter. The annual average evapotranspiration of 6 types of grassland in Xinjiang is Zhongshan meadow, swamp meadow, typical steppe, desert steppe, alpine meadow and halophytic meadow. The annual evapotranspiration of 6 types of grassland is the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, and is slightly higher in spring than in autumn. The high WUE of grassland in Xinjiang is mainly concentrated in Tianshan Mountain and Altai Mountain area, the low Wue area is mainly concentrated in the Alpine region of Kunlun Mountains and some plain areas, the average annual WUE of Xinjiang grassland is 0.56 g kg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1), among which spring and summer, the average value of WUE is 0.56 g 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1). In autumn, 0.43 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.48 g 路kg ~ (-1) of WUE were significantly different in 2012: in northern Xinjiang, 0.26 g 路kg ~ (-1), 0.26 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.69 g 路kg ~ (-1), respectively, the difference of WUE in different grassland was also significant, the order from high to low was Zhongshan meadow, typical grassland, and so on. Swamp meadow, salt meadow, alpine meadow, desert steppe.
【作者单位】：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41271126和41501098) 中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目(131965KYS-B20160004)
【分类号】：S812

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