北方草原生态安全与绿色产业基地的发展

发布时间：2018-05-22 12:20

本文选题：北方草原 + 生态安全　；参考：《内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：今年是内蒙古大学建校60周年,回顾60年前跟随恩师李继侗先生来到内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原从事草原生态学工作,有幸同草原上的农牧民亲历了最华美的草原风光,领悟到草原的资源价值和环境功能是不可取代的.我国北方草原是人民生存和经济社会发展的基本生产资料,是北方各民族发展的文化摇篮,是生态安全的根本保障,是北国疆土的生态瑰宝.国务院发布的文件中明确规定了草原地区在今后发展中的"战略定位"首先是"我国北方重要生态安全屏障",要求全面实施生态保护与建设规划,建成人与自然和谐发展的国家生态安全地带.二是"国家重要能源基地和绿色农畜产品生产加工基地,也是新型化工基地和有色金属工业基地".北方草原地带的景观生态多样性与资源禀赋,使草原生态-产业-文化复合系统可以发挥环境-资源-经济-文化-社会的耦合效应及多项功能.但是,长期以来对草原生态系统的整体功能缺乏完整的理解,特别是草原的巨大环境效益和潜在的能量与物质资源常常被人们所忽略.草原在"一带一路"中的沿边地理区位、草原生物多样性、光能风能资源和人文社会资源都是在草原构建新型产业基地的巨大优势.因此,一定要总结历史经验,发扬草原文化的精髓,走向草原发展的科学创新之路.要因地制宜地治理草原退化,实行休牧与轮牧,实现草原的更新复壮.也要进行草原水资源的科学配置,开发适宜的土地,建设节水的人工草地与饲料地.还要强化草原法制管理,建立草原保育及生态补助的激励机制.总之,要发挥系统耦合效应,构建草原新型绿色产业体系.我们认为,完善对草原生态建设投资的优化管理体制,切实依靠科学技术,严格遵循自然与经济规律,草原地区实行"调整结构,转变方式,休牧轮牧,建设草地,夏牧冬饲,异地育肥,增加投入,集约经营,改善管理,确保安全,系统开放,持续发展"的模式,在发展农牧产业和建立新型产业体系的同时,保护好草原生态安全的目标是指日可以实现的.
[Abstract]:This year marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of Inner Mongolia University. Looking back 60 years ago, I went to Hulunbeir prairie in Inner Mongolia to work in grassland ecology with Mr. Li Jidong, a teacher. I was fortunate to have personally experienced the most beautiful grassland scenery with the farmers and herdsmen on the grasslands. Understand that the grassland resource value and environmental function is irreplaceable. The grassland in northern China is the basic means of production for people's survival and economic and social development, the cultural cradle for the development of all nationalities in the north, the fundamental guarantee for ecological security, and the ecological treasure for the territory of the North. The document issued by the State Council clearly stipulates that the "strategic orientation" of the future development of the grasslands is first and foremost "the important ecological security barrier in the north of China," which requires the overall implementation of the ecological protection and construction plan. Build a harmonious development of man and nature of the national ecological security zone. Second, "National important energy base and green agricultural and livestock products production and processing base, but also a new chemical base and non-ferrous metal industry base." The landscape ecological diversity and resource endowment of the northern grassland region enable the grassland eco-industrial and cultural complex system to play a coupling effect of environment-resources-economy-culture-society and many functions. However, for a long time, there is a lack of a complete understanding of the whole function of grassland ecosystem, especially the enormous environmental benefits and potential energy and material resources of grassland are often ignored by people. The geographical location of grassland in "Belt and Road", the biodiversity of grassland, the resources of light and wind energy and human society are the great advantages of constructing new industrial base in grassland. Therefore, we must sum up the historical experience, carry forward the essence of grassland culture, and move towards the road of scientific innovation for the development of grassland. To control grassland degradation according to local conditions, practice grazing and rotation, to achieve the renewal of grassland rejuvenation. Scientific allocation of grassland water resources, development of suitable land and construction of water saving artificial grassland and fodder land should also be carried out. Also strengthen grassland legal management, establish grassland conservation and ecological subsidies incentive mechanism. In a word, the system coupling effect should be brought into play and a new green industrial system of grassland should be constructed. We believe that improving the optimal management system for investment in grassland ecological construction, earnestly relying on science and technology, strictly following the laws of nature and economy, and carrying out the "structural adjustment, transformation, grazing, grassland construction, summer and winter forage" in grassland areas, The pattern of fattening in different places, increasing investment, intensive management, improving management, ensuring safety, system opening and sustainable development ", while developing agriculture and animal husbandry industry and establishing a new industrial system, The goal of protecting grassland ecological security is that it can be achieved by day.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学生态与环境学院;
【分类号】：S812

【相似文献】