内蒙古高格斯台地区夏季和冬季马鹿食物组分比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 14:10

本文选题：马鹿 + 食物组分　；参考：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：内蒙古高格斯台国家级自然保护区位于内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗北部森林草原交错带,植物群落外观季相变化明显。本研究于2013年夏季和2014年冬季,采集野生东北马鹿(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus)的粪便样本208份,其中冬季127份,夏季81份；采集植物样本55种,其中冬季15种,夏季40种。通过粪便显微组织分析方法,获得的该地区不同季节马鹿的主要食物组分：夏季主要食物组分是柳属(Salix spp.)54%、毛榛子(Corylus mandshurica)11.8%、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica) 8.9%、绣线菊属(Spiraea spp.) 4.6%、禾本科(Poaceae) 6.3%、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)3.8%、蓼属(Polygonum spp.)2.9%、蒿属(Artemisia spp.)3.7%和胡枝子属(Lespedeza spp.) 1.6%;冬季：柳属(Salix spp.)54.4%、毛榛子(Corylus mandshurica) 13%、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)13.7%、早熟禾属(Poa spp.)4.5%、绣线菊属(Spiraea spp.) 7%、蒿属(Artemisia spp.)3.2%和兴安杜鹃(Rhododendron dauricum)1.2%。可见,无论冬季和夏季,内蒙古高格斯台东北马鹿种群采食植物均以柳属、毛榛子、山杏等木本植物为主,草本植物次之；夏季采食草本植物的比例高于冬季。在马鹿的食物组分中,夏季采食的草本植物比例为13%,木本植物比例为84%;冬季采食的草本植物比例为7.7%,木本植物比例为89%。马鹿食物组分的降序对应分析结果显示：1)马鹿夏季食物组分中主要组分为柳属、毛榛子、山杏和禾本科,毛榛子在1轴(DCA1)和2轴(DCA2)的权重均较高,禾本科在2轴(DCA2)上的权重较高,山杏和柳属则在1轴(DCA1)和2轴(DCA2)上的权重均较低,胡枝子属在2轴(DCA2)上有着较高的权重,蓼属在1轴(DCA1)上有着较高的权重。2)马鹿冬季食物组分中主要组分为柳属、毛榛子、山杏和绣线菊属,但它们在1轴(DCA1)和2轴(DCA2)上的权重均较低,蒿属在2轴(DCA2)上的权重较高,兴安杜鹃有较高的1轴(DCA1)权重,这两种植物均不是构成马鹿冬季食物组分的主要成分。由此可见,采食比例高的植物权重不一定高,也就是说马鹿采食多的植物对于马鹿食物组分的影响不是决定性的。通过凯氏定氮、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和紫外分光光度计法,测定了研究地区马鹿可食植物中的粗蛋白、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和单宁含量。方差分析显示,1)马鹿冬季可食植物中粗蛋白含量极显著低于夏季(p0.01);2)马鹿夏季可食植物中木质素含量显著低于冬季(p0.05)；3)马鹿冬、夏两季之间的纤维素、半纤维素和单宁含量差异性不显著(p0.05)。表明内蒙古高格斯台森林草原交错带马鹿食物质量存在季节变化,夏季食物质量高于冬季。将马鹿冬、夏两季可食植物进一步细分为：冬季可食草本植物、冬季可食木本植物、夏季可食草本植物和夏季可食木本植物四个类别,并进行营养物质和非营养物质含量比较分析,结果显示：马鹿的冬季可食草本植物、冬季可食木本植物、夏季可食草本植物和夏季可食木本植物中1)粗蛋白含量差异极显著(p0.01),夏季可食草本植物夏季可食木本植物冬季可食草本植物冬季可食木本植物；2)木质素含量差异极显著(p0.01),冬季可食木本植物冬季可食草本植物,夏季可食木本植物夏季可食草本植物；3)纤维素和半纤维素含量无显著差异(p0.05)；4)单宁含量差异极显著(p0.01),冬季可食木本植物夏季可食木本植物,冬季可食木本植物冬季可食草本植物。进一步表明,由于内蒙古高格斯台森林草原交错带植物群落季相变化,导致野生东北马鹿冬季和夏季可食植物中营养物质成分与非营养成分含量呈现出显著的季节差异性。
[Abstract]:In summer of 2013 and winter of 2014 , 208 parts of stool samples of Cervus elaphus argenopygus were collected , including 127 parts in winter and 81 parts in summer .
Fifty - five species of plant samples were collected , including 15 species in winter and 40 species in summer . The main food components of deer in different seasons were collected by means of fecal microtissue analysis . The main food components in summer were 6 . 9 % , 6 . 3 % , 3 . 8 % , 6 . 3 % , 3 . 7 % and 13 % , respectively . 4 . 5 % , Spiraea spp . 7 % , Artemisia spp . 3.2 % and Xing dauricum 1.2 % .
The results showed that the weight of forage in winter food was 7 . 7 % , and the proportion of woody plants was 89 % .
3 ) There was no significant difference in the content of cellulose , hemicellulose and tannin between the two seasons of winter and summer . The results showed that there were seasonal changes in the quality of the deer food in the high - gus forest steppe in Inner Mongolia , and the food quality in summer was higher than that in winter . The results showed that the difference of the crude protein content in winter edible herbs , winter edible woody plants , summer edible herbs and summer edible woody plants was significantly different ( P 0.01 ) .
2 ) the difference of lignin content is very significant ( p0.01 ) , the winter edible woody plant can feed the herbaceous plant in winter , and the summer edible woody plant can eat the herbaceous plant in summer ;
3 ) There was no significant difference in the content of cellulose and hemicellulose ( p < 0.05 ) .
4 ) The difference of tannin content is very significant ( p0.01 ) , the winter edible woody plant can be edible woody plant in winter , and winter edible woody plant can be eaten in winter in winter .
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S825

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