伊犁马妊娠后期适宜钙磷需要量的研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 16:08

本文选题：伊犁马 + 钙　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究饲喂不同钙磷水平日粮对伊犁马妊娠后期营养物质表观消化率,妊娠后期和分娩后母马体重、血液生化指标、初乳成分及初生马驹体重的影响,来探讨伊犁马在妊娠后期对矿物质钙磷的适宜需要量,为确定伊犁马妊娠后期日粮中适宜钙磷需要量提供理论参考依据。本实验采用单因子随机区组设计的方法来研究不同钙磷水平日粮对伊犁马妊娠后期、分娩后体重、血液生化指标、初乳成分、脂肪酸种类组成成分及初生马驹体重等的影响,来获得伊犁马妊娠后期适宜钙磷的需要量。本试验选取的伊犁马的年龄为11-12周岁,胎次为4-5胎,体重为380±32 kg的伊犁马25匹,随机分为5个试验组,每组5个重复。母马采取分栏单独饲养模式,日粮1组至日粮5组的钙(Ca)和(P)的日饲喂量分别为,第1组(36.0 g/d,26.3 g/d)、第2组(39.0 g/d,28.3g/d)、第3组(42.0 g/d,30.3 g/d)、第4组(45.0 g/d,32.3 g/d)、第5组(48.0 g/d,34.3 g/d),试验期为30天。试验结果表明:饲喂不同钙磷水平日粮对妊娠后期伊犁马有机物、中性洗涤纤维、总能的采食量、排泄量、消化量和表观消化率的影响差异不显著,磷的表观消化率差异不显著,钙的消化率差异显著(P0.05);饲喂第2组日粮,有助于维持母马分娩前产后的体重,初生马驹最优的体重、体尺产自于伊犁母马妊娠后期饲喂1、2组日粮的母马;从初乳中乳成分和脂肪酸的组成成分、种类来看,最优质量的初乳产自饲喂第1、2组钙磷水平日粮的伊犁马;饲喂第2组日粮的马血液中垂体催乳素(PRL)的含量最大(P0.05),超过此钙水平时垂体催乳素(PRL)的含量不断降低;饲喂第3组日粮,马分娩后血液中E1、E2的含量最低(P0.05),随后又随日粮钙磷水平的增大有不同程度的上升但未呈现规律性的变化;饲喂第3组日粮,妊娠后期马血液中孕酮(P)的含量较高有助于促进母马乳腺的发育,饲喂1组日粮,分娩后马血液中孕酮(P)含量低,有助于初乳的分泌。血钙含量随着日粮中钙磷水平的不断增大而显著降低(P0.05),产后血磷各试验组间差异不显著;饲喂1、2、3、4组日粮对伊犁马分娩前后脂代谢和蛋白质代谢的影响不显著,第2、3、4日粮有利于母马脂代谢和氮代谢;饲喂2组日粮马血中生长激素(GH)的含量较高。本试验通过饲喂不同钙磷水平日粮对伊犁马妊娠后期营养物质表观消化率和分娩前后母马体重、血液生化指标、初乳组成成分以及初生马驹体重等指标产生的影响进行研究分析总结,得出以下结论:400 kg体重伊犁马妊娠后期钙和磷的适宜需要量分别为:39.0 g/d、28.3g/d。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on apparent digestibility of nutrients, body weight, blood biochemical index, colostrum composition and foal weight of Yili horse in late pregnancy and postpartum. To study the suitable requirement of mineral calcium and phosphorus in the later stage of pregnancy of Yili horse, and to provide the theoretical reference for determining the appropriate calcium and phosphorus requirement in the diet of Yili horse during the later period of pregnancy. A single factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on body weight, blood biochemical index, colostrum composition, fatty acid composition and foal weight of Yili horse in late pregnancy and postpartum. To obtain the appropriate calcium and phosphorus requirements in the late pregnancy of Yili horse. 25 Yili horses, aged 11 to 12 years old, with 4 to 5 births and 380 卤32 kg weight, were randomly divided into 5 test groups with 5 replicates in each group. Mares were fed separately, and the daily feeding rates of diet 1 to diet 5 were 36.0 g / d 26.3 g / d, 39.0 g / d 28.3 g / d, 42.0 g / d 30.3 g / d, 45.0 g / d ~ 32.3 g / d, and 48.0 g / d ~ 34.3 g / d / d, respectively. The trial period was 30 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in total energy intake, excretion, digestibility and apparent digestibility of Yili horse with different calcium and phosphorus levels. The apparent digestibility of phosphorus was not significantly different, but the difference of calcium digestibility was significant (P 0.05). Feeding the second group of diets was helpful to maintain the weight of the mare before and after delivery, and the optimum body weight of the newborn foal. The milk composition and fatty acid composition in colostrum were the best quality colostrum from Yili horse fed with the first and second group calcium and phosphorus level diet; the milk size was produced in the late pregnancy period of Yili Mares, and the composition of milk and fatty acids in colostrum was obtained from Yili horse fed with the first and second group of calcium and phosphorus level diets. The content of pituitary prolactin (PRLL) in the blood of the horses fed the second diet was the highest (P0.05N), and the content of PRLL was decreased when the calcium level was higher than that of the control group, and the third group was fed with the third diet. After parturition, the content of E _ (1) E _ (2) in the blood of horses was the lowest (P _ (0.05), then increased to some extent with the increase of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels, but did not change regularly. The high content of progesterone (P) was helpful to promote the development of mammary gland in the later period of pregnancy. The lower content of progesterone (P) in the blood of the horse after delivery was helpful to the secretion of colostrum. The blood calcium content decreased significantly with the increase of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels, but there was no significant difference among the experimental groups, and the effect of feeding 1, 2 and 3 + 3 + 4 diets on lipid metabolism and protein metabolism of Yili horse before and after parturition was not significant. Diet No. 2 ~ (3 +) was beneficial to lipid metabolism and nitrogen metabolism in mares, and the growth hormone (GH) content in blood of the two groups was higher than that of the control group. In this experiment, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, body weight and blood biochemical indexes of the horses before and after delivery were studied by feeding diets with different calcium and phosphorus levels. The effects of the composition of colostrum and the body weight of the newborn colt were analyzed and summarized. The following conclusions were drawn: the optimum requirement of calcium and phosphorus in the late pregnancy stage of Ili horse with a weight of 1 400 kg was 39.0 g / d ~ (28. 3 g / d), respectively.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S821.83

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