中国家庭牧场生产要素组合研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 03:17

本文选题：家庭牧场 + 生产要素　；参考：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：中国是一个草原牧业生产大国,家庭牧场是我国牧区主要牧业生产单位。近年来,牧业产品的价格上涨并未带动牧区经济的快速发展,反而因过度放牧给草原生态埋下了隐患,而生产要素的使用状态决定着收入水平,因此,探究家庭牧场生产要素组合的发展路径对提高牧民收入、实现牧区牧业绿色生态可持续发展有重要意义。针对已有研究关于家庭牧场生产要素和要素组合的成果偏少,且分析框架与研究方法不够系统之不足,本研究从中国家庭牧场生产要素变化特征、生产要素组合效率测度与改进、生产前沿上的要素组合、新型牧业经营模式对要素组合的优化几方面系统的对家庭牧场生产要素及其组合问题进行了研究。在对相关概念及理论进行界定和梳理的基础上,首先对中国家庭牧场生产要素变化特征进行了分析;其次,对生产要素进行标准化处理后,分别用参数法和非参数法测度要素组合的生产技术效率并比较两种方法所得结果在不同草原气候带和不同养殖规模中的差异;通过估计松弛变量,结合Tobit模型、CLAD模型和效率损失函数,从内在组合和外在影响两方面研究了效率提升路径;再次,通过线性规划求解家庭牧场生产经营决策模型,在考虑生态约束和要素机会成本的前提下求得生产前沿上固定草地和资金投入组合中其它要素的投入量,研究了效率和规模并存的生产前沿要素组合;最后,以案例形式分析了托管型、技术服务型和生态旅游型三种新型牧业经营模式对生产要素组合的作用机制。为了保障整篇论文的系统性,各章节实证数据全部来自于对中国牧区的实地调研。研究结果表明:(1)中国家庭牧场生产要素具有劳动力中老龄化严重、资本积累困难、草地生态脆弱的特征。(2)家庭牧场生产效率总体偏低,提升空间大,在不同气候带和经营规模下分布差异显著。DEA和SFA的技术效率均值分别为47.5%和55.39%,在当前技术应用水平下,600～700标准羊单位养殖规模的效率相对较高。(3)提升劳动力生产技术水平和管理能力,进而改进草地和资金的使用效率,是提高家庭牧场生产效率的根本途径。劳动力作为主动要素直接决定着土地要素和资本要素的使用,当前约60%以上的家庭牧场存在草地或资金投入冗余,参加政府培训与合作社、优化从业人员年龄结构,提升从业人员学历、专业文化程度和远行距离,均有助于生产效率的提高。(4)随着生产效率的提高,当家庭牧场牧业生产达到生产前沿面时,要素组合随生产规模呈规律性变化。生产规模不变时,资金与土地投入比越高,所需劳动力投入就越少;生产规模逐渐扩大时,劳动力与存栏牲畜比逐渐下降;在小规模养殖中,土地投入少、资金投入多的组合所获利润较高;在大规模养殖中,土地投入多、资金投入少的组合所获利润较高。依据家庭牧场对自有劳动力及雇工的定义,预测我国家庭牧场未来发展的要素组合趋势为:4000～5000标准亩草原、5～6个劳动力、1000个标准羊单位存栏牲畜和适量的资金投入。(5)新型牧业生产经营模式通过提高劳动力生产率和单位资本使用率,对牧业生产要素组合效率的提高发挥了重要作用。
[Abstract]:China is a large grassland animal production country, family pasture is the main animal husbandry production unit in pastoral areas in China. In recent years, the rising price of animal husbandry products has not led to the rapid development of pastoral economy. On the contrary, the overgrazing caused the hidden danger to the grassland ecology, and the use state of the production factors determines the income level. Therefore, the family pasture is explored. The development path of the combination of production factors is of great significance for improving the income of the herdsmen and realizing the sustainable development of green ecology in pastoral pastoral. On the basis of the definition and theory of related concepts and theories, the production of family pastures in China should be first made on the basis of defining and combing the related concepts and theories. The characteristics of the element change are analyzed. Secondly, after the standardization of the factors of production, the production technical efficiency of the combination of parameter method and non parameter method is measured and the differences between the results of the two methods in different grassland climate zones and different scale are compared. By estimating the relaxation variable, combining the Tobit model, CLAD model and the model, The efficiency loss function is used to study the efficiency promotion path from two aspects of internal combination and external influence. Thirdly, the decision model of family pasture production and management is solved by linear programming, and the input of other elements in the fixed grassland and the capital investment combination on the production frontier is studied under the premise of considering the ecological constraints and the factor opportunity cost. The combination of efficiency and scale of production frontier factors; finally, in the case of case analysis, the mechanism of the combination of three new husbandry business models of trusteeship, technology service and ecotourism is analyzed. In order to guarantee the systematicness of the whole paper, the empirical data of each chapter are all from the field investigation of the Chinese pastoral area. The results showed that: (1) the factors of family pasture production in China are characterized by serious aging in the labor force, difficult capital accumulation and fragile ecological grassland. (2) the production efficiency of family pastures is generally low, and the promotion space is large. The average technical efficiency of.DEA and SFA in different climatic zones and operating scales is 47.5% and 55.39%, respectively. Under the current technical application level, the efficiency of the 600~700 standard sheep is relatively high. (3) improving the technical level and management ability of the labor force, and improving the efficiency of the use of grassland and funds, is the fundamental way to improve the production efficiency of the family pasture. As an active factor, the labor force directly determines the factors of land and capital. At present, more than 60% of family pastures present the redundancy of grassland or capital investment, participating in government training and cooperatives, optimizing the age structure of the employees, improving the qualifications of the employees, professional education and distance, which will help to improve the efficiency of production. (4) with the improvement of production efficiency, the production of family pasture and pasture production reaches a living. When the production scale is constant, the higher the ratio of capital to land, the less the input of the labor force, the lower the ratio of the labor and the livestock, and the higher profit in the small scale culture. In large-scale aquaculture, the combination of land investment and less investment has a higher profit. According to the definition of family pasture on its own labor and employees, the combination trend of the future development of family pastures in China is predicted by 4000~5000 standard Mu grassland, 5~6 labor force, 1000 standard sheep unit livestock and a proper amount of capital investment. 5) the new model of animal husbandry production and management has played an important role in improving the efficiency of the combination of animal husbandry production factors by raising the productivity of labor and the utilization rate of unit capital.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.3

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