不同规模草地超载主体的差异性——以甘肃省玛曲县为例

发布时间：2018-05-25 15:37

本文选题：超载放牧 + 牧户差异性　；参考：《草业科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：超载放牧已成为当前中国草地退化的主要诱发因素,牧民追求经济利益最大化的动机是产生超载放牧的根本原因。因此,在牧户差异性的基础上分析不同草原超载主体的异质性,对草原生态保护政策的制定具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究发现,以中小规模牧户为主的单户、小联户和大联户在草地超载率和超载程度上都是草原超载的主体。为了维持家庭收支平衡和应对家庭未来可能面临的不可知风险,中小规模牧户的实际最小牲畜数量高于理论最小牲畜数量,因此,单户的超载率和超载程度明显高于联户,而以大规模牧户为主的中联户的超载率和超载程度最低。以草畜平衡补偿标准为代表的草原生态补偿政策,由于没有考虑不同规模牧户的差异性,现行的补偿标准只与牧户草地承包面积挂钩,因而忽略了超载牧户的异质性问题,致使中小规模牧户获得的补偿额度无法弥补牧户因补减畜造成的机会损失,产生减畜与补偿的不对等关系,这种补偿不仅不会促进中小规模牧户增收,反而会增大与大规模牧户的收入差距,难以调动广大中、小牧户的减畜积极性,进引发草原生态补偿政策的低效率问题。针对这种现象,政策制定者应考虑牧户的超载差异性来制定具有差别化的草原生态补偿标准,实现牧户减畜和补偿的对等关系。
[Abstract]:Overgrazing has become the main inducing factor of grassland degradation in China. The motive of herdsmen's pursuit of economic benefit maximization is the root cause of overgrazing. Therefore, on the basis of the difference of herdsmen, the heterogeneity of the subject of different grassland overloading is analyzed, and it has important theoretical and practical significance to the formulation of grassland ecological protection policy. In order to maintain family balance and to cope with the unknowable risk that the family may face in the future, the actual minimum livestock number of small and medium sized herdsmen is higher than the number of the smallest livestock. The overloading rate and overloading degree of single households are obviously higher than those of the United households, while the overloading rate and overloading degree of the central households with large herdsmen are the lowest. The grassland ecological compensation policy, represented by the balance of livestock and livestock, has not taken into account the difference between different scale herdsmen, and the current compensation standard is only linked to the pasture contract area of the herdsman. Therefore, the heterogeneity of overloaded herdsmen is ignored, and the compensation amount obtained by the small and medium sized herdsmen can not make up for the loss of the herdsmen's opportunity loss caused by the supplement and reduction of livestock and the unequal relationship between the reduction of livestock and compensation. This compensation will not only promote the income increase of the small and medium sized herdsmen, but will increase the income gap between the large herdsmen and the large herdsmen, and it is difficult to adjust the income. As a result, the enthusiasm of the small herdsmen to reduce the enthusiasm of the herdsmen leads to the low efficiency of the grassland ecological compensation policy. In view of this phenomenon, the policymakers should consider the overloading difference of the herdsmen to make the differential grassland ecological compensation standard, and realize the relationship between the herdsmen's livestock reduction and the compensation.
【作者单位】：兰州大学经济学院社区与生物多样性研究保护中心;
【基金】：甘肃省沙化土地封禁保护补助试点区经济效益监测与评估项目(406/071200006) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“青藏高原社区天然草场草地保护与合理利用技术研究与示范”(20120300610) 中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(15LZUJBEYJ015)
【分类号】：S812.8

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