不同鸭舍生物应激因素的检测及其对肉鸭福利和相关免疫指标的影响

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:51

  本文选题：肉鸭 + 环境质量　； 参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对不同鸭舍环境生物应激因素进行检测并探讨其对肉鸭福利指标和相关免疫功能的影响。试验选择280羽1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭进行3周育雏。选取体重相近的21日龄肉鸭250羽随机分为对照组A、试验组B、试验组C、试验组D、试验组E五个处理组,每组50羽。对五个组进行不同处理,使对照组A、试验组B、试验组C、试验组D、试验组E五个处理组环境清洁程度呈梯度依次为优、良、中、差、极差。分别于28、35、42、49、56日龄上午8时对气载需氧菌、气载真菌、气载内毒素浓度进行检测。同日对静脉血白细胞总数、血清溶菌酶含量进行测量。于28、42、56日龄每组随机取3羽肉鸭对盲肠微生物菌群、免疫器官指数进行测量。于54日龄每组取6只肉鸭进行FA活体测量并进行步态评分。试验结果表明:(1)环境卫生条件差,导致气载微生物含量升高。环境的优与差在很大程度上取决于卫生管理方式。对照组A、试验组B-E舍内气载需氧菌浓度依次在0.46-1.81×104CFU(Colony Forming Unit)/m3(空气)、0.69-5.07×104CFU/m3、0.68-5.76×104CFU/m3、0.59-5.96×104CFU/m3、0.71-8.93×104CFU/m3之间;舍内气载真菌浓度依次在0.11-2.54×104 CFU(Colony Forming Unit)/m3(空气)、0.21-3.54×104CFU/m3、0.19-3.95×104CFU/m3、0.77-5.73×104CFU/m3、0.78-8.05×104CFU/m3之间;舍内气载内毒素浓度分别在0.02-2.56×104EU(Endotoxin Unit)/m3(空气)、0.04-7.24×104EU/m3、0.003-1.024×104EU/m3、0.011-1.448×104EU/m3、0.006-1.024×104EU/m3之间。畜禽舍微生物气溶胶来源于动物体及其排泄物、垫料、饲料等。畜舍进行计划地通风、清洁,可以降低环境中颗粒悬浮物和微生物气溶胶的量,达到改进空气质量目标。随着时间的推移,肉鸭一天天长大,排泄物的增多,鸭舍内气载需氧菌、真菌、内毒素浓度的变化显著受到不同通风、清洁条件的影响。(2)随着饲养环境质量变差,空气中生物应激因素浓度显著增大。免疫器官的发育受到不良影响,对机体的免疫抵抗了会产生不利的危害。降低了肉鸭血清溶菌酶的含量,第六至八周,试验组B、C、D、E分别比对照组A下降6.7%、12.9%、17.4%、19.1%。肉鸭机体细胞免疫力减弱,抑制了机体免疫组织的功能。不同的养殖环境对肉鸭的静脉血白细胞总数没有显著影响。(3)养殖环境差的鸭舍中生物应激因素浓度显著高,显著影响肉鸭福利。气载微生物浓度高的环境下,肉鸭机体盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌浓度高,有益菌乳酸杆菌浓度低。外观步态评分试验组B、C、D、E分别比对照组A分别下降151%、303%、506%、557%。FA值试验组B、C、D、E分别比对照组A分别下降24%、75%、113%、139%。肉鸭的全身状况不佳,运动量减少,阻遏了肉鸭福利和健康的良性发展。随着养殖环境清洁程度的提高,肉鸭福利水平也整体提高。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biological stress factors on the welfare index and related immune function of meat ducks. 280 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected for 3-week brooding. 250 21-day-old ducks of similar body weight were randomly divided into control group (group B), experimental group (C), experimental group (D), and group E (n = 50). Five groups were treated differently, so that the control group A, the test group B, the test group C, the test group D, the test group E five treatment group environment clean degree showed the gradient in turn is excellent, good, medium, bad, extremely bad. The concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi and airborne endotoxin were detected at 8: 00 a.m. at 28: 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age, respectively. On the same day, the total number of venous leukocytes and the content of serum lysozyme were measured. The cecum microflora and immune organ index were measured with 3 ducks in each group at the age of 28 ~ 42 ~ 56 days. At 54 days old, 6 ducks in each group were measured with FA and gait score. The results showed that the environmental hygiene conditions were poor, which led to the increase of airborne microorganism content. The quality of the environment depends to a large extent on the health management style. 瀵圭収缁凙,璇曢獙缁凚-E鑸嶅唴姘旇浇闇，

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