干旱荒漠草原马胃蝇蛆病疫源地感染源分布——以卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区为例

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:52

本文选题：马科动物粪便 + 水源地　；参考：《林业科学》2017年11期

【摘要】：【目的】调查及分析对马胃蝇化蛹场所具有指示作用的宿主粪便空间分布,以期掌握马胃蝇在该地区不同宿主间交叉感染主要场所及特征。【方法】采用样带法和样方法调查野放区域普氏野马利用率较高的WP1、WP2、WP3和WP4 4个水源地周边及驴道环境马科动物粪便的位置及数量。样带自水源地向外,依照驴道设置,长度为1.5 km;样方在以WP1水源为中心半径200 m范围的圆形区域内设置;数据采用Mann-Whitney U法对水源地粪便密度进行分析,LSD(最小显著差异)法对不同季节水源地马科动物粪便分布进行多重比较,分层聚类的方法对4个水源地驴道马科动物粪便分布规律进行聚类分析。【结果】1)由水源地向外,马科动物粪便数量总体呈减少趋势,该变化在距离水源地300 m范围内下降明显;4个水源地驴道粪便拟合最佳模型(x为距水源地距离,y为粪便数量)均为倒数型(WP1:y=3.873+59.000/x,R2=70%;WP2:y=3.940+16.342/x,R2=64%;WP3:y=5.248+12.841/x,R2=55%;WP4:y=-0.481+44.869/x,R2=69%);2)野马利用率最高的WP1水源地3条驴道马科动物粪便分布趋势均不受月份变化的影响(P0.05),但其粪便数量在8月份均显著增加(P0.05);5—8月,WP1水源地驴道在距水源点200 m范围内的马科动物粪便数量所占比例随旱季的到来有所增加;3)对于不同类型的水源地,驴道马科动物粪便在数量及分布趋势上具有不同的表现,相对而言,粪便多且集中地分布于永久性自然水源周边,人工改造水源地粪便数量少但自水源地驴道向外分布较为均匀。【结论】干旱荒漠草原水资源紧缺导致马胃蝇在宿主体外形成较为集中的蛹期发育平台,该平台由于扼守水源地通道,客观上会营造马科动物群体近距离接触马胃蝇的条件,成为卡拉麦里地区马胃蝇传播的最主要场所。本研究可揭示干旱荒漠草原马胃蝇蛆病的流行与当地的环境条件、马科动物自身习性间的关联性,对进一步开展普氏野马马胃蝇生物学、流行病研究及其防控工作具有重要指导作用。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate and analyze the spatial distribution of feces of hosts which can indicate the pupation of horse stomach fly. In order to understand the main sites and characteristics of cross infection among different hosts in this area. [methods] sampling and sampling methods were used to investigate the four water sources of WP1, WP2P, WP3 and WP4, and the donkey's channel in the wild area with high utilization rate of wild horse, WP1, WP2, WP3 and WP4. The location and quantity of environmental equine faeces. The transect is located in a circular area with a central radius of 200m from the source area of WP1, and the length is 1.5 km according to the donkey's path, and the sample belt is located in a circular area with a central radius of 200m for the water source of WP1. Mann-Whitney U method was used to analyze the faecal density of the water source area. The distribution of the faeces of equidae in different seasons was compared by LSD (minimum significant difference) method. The method of stratified clustering was used to cluster analysis on the faecal distribution of horseshoe animals in four water sources. [results] 1) from the source of water to the outside, the amount of feces of the family Equidae showed a general decreasing trend. The change decreased obviously in the distance of 300 m from the water source; the best model for faecal fitting in four water sources was the reciprocal type WP1y1: 3.873 59.000 / xR270; WP2: 3.94016.940% R26464 WP3yW = 5.248 12.841xR25555555% WP4ywar-0.481 44.84.869% x R26692) the highest utilization rate of wild horses was found in the WP1 water source. The faecal distribution trend of the three donkey roads was not affected by the month change, but the fecal quantity increased significantly in August. However, the amount of the feces in the donkey road of WP1 water source area within 200 m from the water source point was increased significantly in August. The proportion of water sources increased with the arrival of the dry season. The quantity and distribution trend of the feces of the horseshoe are different. Relatively speaking, the feces are concentrated and distributed around the permanent natural water source. The quantity of feces in artificial modified water source was less, but the distribution was more uniform from the donkey channel. [conclusion] the shortage of water resources in arid desert steppe resulted in the formation of a more concentrated pupa developmental platform in the host. Because of keeping the channel of water source, the platform will objectively create the condition of close contact between horse stomach fly and horse stomach fly, and become the most important place for the spread of horse stomach fly in Karamaili area. This study may reveal the relationship between the prevalence of horse gastric myiasis in arid desert steppe and the local environmental conditions, equine animals' own habits, and further develop the biology of Mustang horse stomach fly. The study of epidemic disease and its prevention and control have important guiding function.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学自然保护区学院;新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站;新疆野马繁殖研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31670538) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JC2015-04) 国家林业局野生动植物保护与自然保护区管理司年度项目(2015-123)
【分类号】：S858.21

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