奶牛体温与活动量自动检测系统设计研发及发情周期规律研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 19:39

  本文选题：牛 + 体温　； 参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：体温与活动量是评价家畜健康状况与生理状态的重要指标,在奶牛发情鉴定自动化发展中具有巨大的研发潜能,对奶牛繁殖效率提升具有重要意义。然而,目前只有活动量实现了自动化采集,体温自动化采集仍在探索中。本研究基于ZigBee无线通信技术研发了一套牛体温与活动量自动检测系统,该系统主要包括数据检测终端、数据采集器、上位机系统三部分。数据检测终端定时检测牛体温、实时累计活动量数据,并将数据储存、发送至数据采集器,由数据采集器再发送给上位机系统;数据经上位机软件分析、加工后显示呈现给用户,并可根据分析结果自动进行必要的工作预警。为探究体表温度与直肠温度的关系,使用该系统分别在冬、夏、秋三个季节每隔30 min检测一次牛后肢跖部体表温度,每个季节连续测温3 d,同时,使用水银体温计每隔2 h手动检测直肠温度。将时间点与季节作为固定效应,建立了体表温度对直肠温度拟合的混合线性模型,并使用10-折交叉验证法验证该模型预测的准确性。统计结果显示,不同季节与时间点体表温度差异均显著(P0.05),不同时间点直肠温度差异也显著(P0.05)。将时间点与季节作为固定效应的混合线性模型相关系数为0.562。使用10-折交叉验证法验证模型预测准确性的相关系数为0.644,预测直肠温度与实测直肠温度平均差异0.10±0.10°C,表明该系统可用于检测牛体表温度并预测直肠温度,初步建立了牛体温自动化检测的方法。为提高发情鉴定效率,试验一检测了牛发情前后及排卵前后活动量与阴道黏液电阻值(以下简称电阻值)变化,实验二检测了发情前后及排卵前后阴道温度与活动量变化。试验一发现,间情期电阻值(300±12Ω)显著高于发情期(P0.05),发情开始前4 h电阻值迅速下降,到发情后8~12 h下降至最低(220±27Ω),随后逐渐回升,至排卵结束恢复至间情期水平;间情期牛活动量较低,发情后活动量激增,平均增加10.8±7.0倍,发情结束后恢复正常。发情持续时间、开始发情到排卵时间与发情结束到排卵时间分别为15.6±2.8 h、26.8±4.2 h与11.3±4.3 h;电阻最低值至排卵时间为15.0±1.3h。试验二显示,发情期活动量与阴道温度同步变化,并显著高于间情期(P0.05)。发情开始后8.5h与6.5h左右活动量与阴道温度分别增至最大值(768.5±675.8与38.91±0.37℃);峰值过后,二参数逐渐降低,发情结束后恢复至正常值。活动量平均升高24.1±23.1倍,阴道温度平均增加0.69±0.21℃,最高可达1.3℃。相同参数下西门塔尔牛发情持续时间、发情开始到排卵时间均显著短于和杂牛(P0.05)。发情排卵伴随的活动量与阴道黏液电阻值及阴道温度变化规律的揭示,对准确发情鉴定与适时输精具有重要指导意义,各指标两两结合大大提高了发情鉴定效率及排卵时间预测准确性,具有重要的自动化发情监测及排卵预测技术研发价值。
[Abstract]:Body temperature and activity is an important index to evaluate the health and physiological status of domestic animals. It has a great potential of research and development in the automatic development of estrus identification of dairy cows. It is of great significance to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. However, at present, only the automatic collection of activity has been realized, and the automatic collection of body temperature is still under exploration. Based on ZigBee wireless communication technology, an automatic measurement system for bovine body temperature and activity is developed in this paper. The system consists of three parts: data detection terminal, data collector and upper computer system. The data detection terminal regularly detects bovine body temperature, accumulates the data of activity in real time, stores the data and sends it to the data collector, and then sends the data to the upper computer system, and the data is analyzed by the software of the upper computer. After processing, the display is presented to the user, and the necessary work warning can be automatically carried out according to the analysis results. In order to investigate the relationship between body surface temperature and rectal temperature, the system was used to detect the body surface temperature of hind limbs and metatarsus of cattle every 30 min in winter, summer and autumn, and the temperature was measured continuously for 3 days in each season. Rectal temperature was manually measured by mercury thermometer every 2 hours. Taking time point and season as fixed effects, a mixed linear model of body surface temperature fitting to rectal temperature was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by 10 fold cross validation method. The statistical results showed that the difference of body surface temperature in different seasons and time points was significant, and the rectal temperature difference at different time points was also significant (P 0.05). The correlation coefficient of mixed linear model with time point and season as fixed effect is 0. 562. The correlation coefficient of the prediction accuracy of the model was 0.644, and the average difference between the predicted rectal temperature and the measured rectal temperature was 0.10 卤0.10 掳C, which indicated that the system could be used to detect bovine body surface temperature and predict rectal temperature. A method for automatic detection of bovine body temperature was established. In order to improve the efficiency of estrus identification, the changes of activity and vaginal mucus resistance (hereinafter referred to as resistance) before and after estrus and ovulation were measured in experiment 1, and the changes of vagina temperature and activity before and after ovulatory were detected in experiment 2. The results of experiment 1 showed that the resistance value during estrus (300 卤12 惟) was significantly higher than that in estrus (P0.05). The resistance value decreased rapidly 4 h before estrus began, then decreased to the lowest level (220 卤27 惟) at 812 h after estrus, and then gradually increased to the level of interoestrus at the end of ovulation. During the period of interoestrus, the amount of activity increased 10.8 卤7.0 times and returned to normal at the end of estrus. The duration of estrus, the time from the beginning of estrus to ovulation and from the end of estrus to ovulation were 15.6 卤2.8 h, 26.8 卤4.2 h and 11.3 卤4.3 h, respectively, and the lowest resistance to ovulation time was 15.0 卤1.3 h. Experiment 2 showed that the amount of activity in estrus changed synchronously with the temperature of vagina, and it was significantly higher than that in interoestrous period (P0.05). The activity and vagina temperature increased to the maximum values of 768.5 卤675.8 and 38.91 卤0.37 鈩，

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