干奶期日粮能量水平对奶牛生产性能及代谢影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 14:54

本文选题：干奶期 + 奶牛　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本课题研究了干奶期不同日粮能量水平对干奶期健康奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标及与干奶期奶牛能量代谢、摄食密切相关的血液激素指标水平的影响。选用年龄、胎次和体况相当,干奶期健康的荷斯坦奶牛30头,随机分为3个组,预产前8周分别饲喂产奶净能(NEL)为1.2Mcal/kgDM(A组)、1.3Mcal/kgDM(B组)、1.4Mcal/kgDM(C组)的日粮,分娩后12周均饲喂相同标准配制的日粮。分别测定奶牛的产奶量、乳成分、体况、血液生化指标及血液激素指标。试验结果表明:1、干奶期中能和高能饲喂可以提高产后产奶量,而低能饲喂使泌乳性能下降,产奶量下降了14.5%,但是各组乳成分间无显著差异。2、干奶期低能饲喂显著降低了产后血液β-羟丁酸(BHBA)和非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)的浓度,减弱了体脂的动员,降低了产后体况的下降,能够有效缓解产后能量负平衡(NEB),而高能饲喂的奶牛血液中BHBA和NEFA浓度较高,加重产后NEB,产后奶牛体况下降严重,有可能增加产后酮病、脂肪肝等干奶期能量代谢障碍性疾病的发病率。3、产前高能饲喂提高了血液中生长激素(GH)和胰高血糖素(GN)的浓度,而胰岛素(INS)的浓度三组之间无显著差异,说明产后高能组体脂动员严重,产后NEB严重。4、干奶期饲喂低能日粮,奶牛产后血液中的瘦蛋白(LEP)水平高于中能和高能组,可有效缓解产后NEB状态。5、干奶期低能饲喂导致产后血液神经肽(NPY)的浓度高于高能组,增加奶牛食欲,有效缓解NEB。
[Abstract]:This paper studied the effects of different dietary energy levels in dry milk on the performance, blood biochemical index and blood hormone index of dry milk dairy cows, which were closely related to energy metabolism and intake of dry milk cows. Thirty Holstein cows of the same age, birth order and body condition were randomly divided into 3 groups, fed the diet of 1.2Mcal / kg DMA group (1.2Mcal / kg DMA group) and 1.4 Mcalr / kg DMC group (n = 8). They were fed with the same standard diet for 12 weeks after delivery. Milk yield, milk composition, body condition, blood biochemical index and blood hormone index were measured. The results showed that during dry milk and high energy feeding, the milk yield was increased, but the lactation performance was decreased by low energy feeding. The milk yield decreased by 14.5. but there was no significant difference between the milk components of each group. The low energy feeding decreased the concentration of blood 尾 -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (Nefa) significantly, weakened the mobilization of body fat and decreased the postpartum body condition. It can effectively alleviate the negative energy balance of postpartum NEB, while the high energy feeding cows have higher concentrations of BHBA and NEFA, which aggravate the postpartum NEB, and the body condition of postpartum cows decreases seriously, which may increase postpartum ketosis. The incidence of energy metabolic disorders in fatty liver at dry milk stage was .3.The concentration of growth hormone GHG and glucagon GNN in blood was increased by prenatal high-energy feeding, but there was no significant difference among the three groups in the concentration of insulin. The results showed that postpartum high energy group had serious mobilization of body fat, postpartum NEB. 4, feeding low energy diet during dry milk, the level of leptin in postpartum blood of dairy cows was higher than that of middle energy and high energy groups. The concentration of NPY in postpartum blood was higher than that in high energy group, which increased appetite and alleviated NEB effectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

【共引文献】