猪支气管动脉立体结构和微血管构筑研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 02:46

本文选题：猪 + 支气管动脉　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了研究猪支气管动脉(BA)立体结构分布和微血管构筑特征,采用支气管动脉独立铸型方法、联合铸型方法、墨汁明胶切片方法和扫描电镜技术,对猪BA起源、分枝走行特征、分布规律、血液回流途径和微血管构筑特征进行了研究,研究结果如下:1.建立了用ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)铸型技术构建猪支气管动脉宏观和微观铸型标本的方法,获得了猪支气管动脉独立和联合铸型标本。2.探明了猪支气管动脉立体结构特征。猪支气管动脉有1~3支,其中1支型最多。1支型支气管动脉干的管径显著的大于2支型(P0.05)。支气管动脉在胸主动脉上的开口以单开为主,两个开口只占28.6%。肺门处1支型支气管动脉主要分为后升支、右前降支、前降支和左前降支。支气管动脉入肺后,主干向各方向分别发出右尖叶支气管动脉、左前背测支气管动脉、左主支气管动脉、左前降支支气管动脉、右前背测支气管动脉和右主支气管动脉。每个肺段有1~3支支气管动脉,以2支型为主,两支并列平行蛇形弯曲沿支气管延伸。尖叶、心叶和副叶肺段支气管动脉数目恒定,分支走行差异不显著。隔叶肺段支气管动脉数目不恒定,背侧、腹侧、外侧和内侧四个肺段支气管动脉系统有3支型、4支型等不同类型,而且背侧和外侧支气管有单分枝型、二分枝型、三分枝型和四分枝型等分枝型式。支气管动脉以4种方式供应胸膜,而且支气管动脉在肺内发生广泛吻合,形式多样。肺静脉可能是猪支气管动脉的一个主要回流途径。3.探明了胸膜面支气管动脉微血管的分布特征。比较分析胸膜的墨汁明胶组织铺片和ABS扫描电镜观察结果发现:支气管动脉形成胸膜表面和胸膜下两层血管网。胸膜表面血管网的特点是:血管网比较稀疏,网孔粗大,网孔呈多边形,管径粗大,血管之间形成广泛的吻合。微血管主干管径比较大,大部分血管管径在30-60um之间。从主干血管发出的分支比较少,两分支之间的夹角比较大,其角度大于90°。胸膜下血管网的特点是:多种来源的支气管动脉血管形成一层平整、大小均一、致密的网格状胸膜下毛细血管网。其管径大小约为8-10um,毛细血管网孔形态一般为不规则的5-7边形,每个网孔与周围4-6个网孔吻合。支气管动脉在胸膜下形成毛细血管网分枝延伸路径有显著的一致性,长度差异不显著,血管大小差异也不显著。4.探明了支气管动脉在各级支气管的分布规律。比较观察墨汁明胶切片和扫描电镜发现:肺内BA发出的细小分支也可以分布到细支气管外膜、粘膜下层和粘膜固有层,并在固有层形成血管网。BA分支组成毛细血管网,包裹整个肺泡,因此支气管动脉是肺泡毛细血管网的一个主要来源。5.探明了支气管血管套内外表面的微血管分布特征。支气管血管网套外表面的微血管分布特征:BA主干沿支气管走行途中向支气管表面的方向发出许多细小的分枝。微动脉管径在100-170um,毛细血管管径约为8-10um,各级微动脉管径大小差异显著。微动脉走行过程中相对比较平直,途中发出的各级微动脉也相对比较平直,没有形成广泛的交通吻合,血管网比较稀疏。支气管血管网套内表面的微血管分布特征:内侧血管网比较平整而且也比较致密,并且血管网由多层组成。微血管网由来源于外表面的各级毛细血管构成。血管网排列规律性和一致性都比较强,但是网孔大小和形态差异显著。网孔形态多种多样,其网孔直径最大可以达到200um,最小的网孔仅仅只有8-15um。
[Abstract]:In order to study the stereoscopic structure and microvascular architecture of the porcine bronchial artery (BA), the independent casting method of bronchial artery, the combined casting method, the ink gelatin slice method and the scanning electron microscope technique were used to study the origin of the pig BA, the characteristics of branching, distribution, blood reflux and microvascular architecture, and the results of the study. As follows: 1. the method of establishing the macroscopic and microscopic cast specimen of porcine bronchial artery with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) casting technique was established. The independent and joint cast specimen.2. of porcine bronchial artery was obtained to identify the stereoscopic structure characteristics of the porcine bronchial artery. The porcine bronchial artery had 1~3 branches, of which 1 types were most.1 bronchogram. The diameter of the vein stem was significantly greater than that of the 2 branches (P0.05). The opening of the bronchial artery on the thoracic aorta was dominated by a single opening. The two openings accounted for only 1 types of bronchial arteries at the pulmonary portal of 28.6%., which were mainly divided into the posterior ascending branch, the right anterior descending branch, the anterior descending branch and the left anterior descending branch. The bronchial artery, the left main bronchus artery, the left anterior descending bronchi artery, the right anterior dorsal branch of the bronchial artery and the right main bronchial artery were measured on the left anterior back. There were 1~3 bronchi arteries in each segment of the lung. The two branches were parallel serpents bending along the bronchus. The number of bronchi arteries in the central lobe and the paraport lobe was constant. The number of bronchial arteries in the pulmonary segment of the septum was not constant. The four types of bronchial artery system in the dorsal, ventral, lateral and medial bronchi were 3, 4, and the dorsal and lateral bronchi had a single branch, two branching, three branching and four branching types. The bronchial artery supplied the chest in 4 ways. The pulmonary veins may be a major reflux pathway of the porcine bronchial artery, and the pulmonary veins may be a major reflux pathway for the porcine bronchial artery. The distribution characteristics of the vascular microvessels in the pleural facial and bronchial arteries are detected by.3.. The comparison and analysis of the pleural ink gelatin tissue and the ABS scanning electrical microscope findings show that the bronchial artery forms the pleura. Two layers of vascular network under the surface and the pleura. The characteristics of the vascular network of the pleural surface are: the vascular network is sparse, the mesh is coarse, the mesh is polygonal, the diameter of the tube is large and the blood vessels are widely anastomosed. The microvascular trunk diameter is larger and most of the vascular diameters are between 30-60um. The branches from the main blood vessels are less, the clip between the two branches is the clip. The angle is larger and its angle is greater than 90 degrees. The characteristics of the subpleural vascular network are that a variety of bronchial arteries form a flat, uniform, compact meshlike subpleural capillary network. The diameter of the vascular network is about 8-10um, and the morphology of the capillary mesh is generally irregular 5-7 sides, and each mesh hole is anastomosed with the surrounding 4-6 mesh holes. There was significant consistency in the branching extension path of the capillary network under the pleura. The length difference was not significant and the difference of the size of the blood vessel was not significant. The distribution of bronchial arteries at all levels was not detected by.4.. A comparative observation of ink gelatin slices and scanning electron microscopy: the small branches of BA in the lungs could also be distributed. The outer membrane of the bronchioles, the submucosa and the lamina propria, and the formation of the capillary network of the.BA branch of the vascular network in the lamina propria, encapsulated the whole alveoli. Therefore, the bronchial artery is a major source of the alveolar capillary network (.5.) to identify the microvascular distribution of the inner and outer surface of the bronchial vessel. The outer surface of the bronchial vascular network The characteristics of microvascular distribution: the BA trunk sends many fine branches to the direction of the bronchial surface along the way along the bronchus. The microarterial diameter is 100-170um, the capillary diameter is about 8-10um, and the size of the Microartery diameter varies significantly at all levels. The microarteries are relatively flat during the course of the arteriole, and the microarteries at all levels are relatively flat on the way. Straight, there is no extensive traffic anastomosis. The vascular network is sparse. The microvascular distribution of the inner surface of the bronchial vascular network: the inner vascular network is relatively smooth and compact, and the vascular network is composed of multilayer. The microvascular network originates from the capillary blood tubes of the outer surface. The regularity and consistency of the vascular network arrangement are all compared. However, the mesh size and morphology varied significantly, and the mesh size varied. The maximum diameter of mesh could reach 200um, and the smallest mesh was only 8-15um..
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828

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