奶牛个体采食量测定仪的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-06-23 07:42

本文选题：奶牛 + 无线射频识别　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：奶牛采食量是指奶牛单位时间内采食饲草(料)的数量。奶牛的采食量不仅是反刍家畜的健康评定指标,更是其营养物质的量化基础。采食量对反刍动物(尤其是奶牛)的能量供应起到调节作用的同时,也为其营养物质需求量提供了一个重要的参考。但精准测定奶牛的采食量是畜牧生产中采用人工方法难以解决的问题,所以,如何对奶牛的采食量进行精准的测量,已经成为生产实践中不得不攻克的问题。已知的测定方法绝大部分都是针对于群体来进行测定的,个体奶牛的采食量测定用现如今的方法很难达到所期待的效果。因此,对奶牛个体采食量测定仪的研究设计显得十分重要。本实验以奶牛为研究对象,设计具有能够进行数据分析、采食量测定等功能的奶牛个体采食量测定仪。并用标准台秤对此采食量测定仪的精确性进行验证。测定仪采用嵌入式系统,利用无线射频技术(RFID)识别奶牛身份,称重传感器实时将槽内饲料重量通过以ZigBee为核心的无线网络传送到电脑,实现奶牛个体采食量的测定。经过试验初步验证,测定仪能够对个体奶牛采食量进行实时监测。试验中,饲槽中的饲料添加量为奶牛需求量的1.5倍,连续饲喂15d,饲喂前后分别用标准台秤称量饲料,比较采食量测定仪和标准台秤之间的相对误差,结果表明：相对误差均小于5%,测定仪测定的采食量和标准台秤测定的采食量呈极显著相关(P0.01),并且两者所测得的采食量差异不显著(P0.05),能够满足测定奶牛采食量的要求,同时具有奶牛饲喂采食量数据查询和打印功能。综合上述结果分析表明,奶牛个体采食量测定仪能够充分发挥微机化智能仪器的优点,兼有操作简便,功能强大等特点,是一种值得在中小规模奶牛养殖企业广泛推广的奶牛个体采食量测定仪。
[Abstract]:Cow intake refers to the amount of forage (feed) consumed by the cow per unit time. The intake of dairy cows is not only the health evaluation index of ruminant livestock, but also the quantitative basis of nutrition. The feed intake not only regulates the energy supply of ruminants (especially cows), but also provides an important reference for their nutritional requirements. However, it is difficult to solve the problem of accurately measuring the feed intake of dairy cows by using artificial methods in livestock production. Therefore, how to accurately measure the intake of cows has become a problem that has to be solved in production practice. Most of the known methods are based on the population, and it is difficult to achieve the desired results with the present method. Therefore, it is very important to research and design the individual feed intake meter. In this experiment, the dairy cow as the research object, designed with the function of data analysis, feed intake measurement and so on. The accuracy of the feed intake meter is verified by standard scale. The instrument adopts embedded system, uses radio frequency technology (RFID) to identify cow identity, and the weighing sensor transmits feed weight in the slot to the computer through wireless network with ZigBee as the core in real time, which realizes the measurement of individual feed intake of dairy cow. After preliminary verification, the instrument can monitor the feed intake of individual cows in real time. In the experiment, the feed added quantity in the feed tank was 1.5 times the demand of the cow. The feed was fed continuously for 15 days. The relative errors between the feed intake meter and the standard scale were compared before and after feeding with the standard platform scale. The results showed that the relative errors were less than 5, the feed intake measured by the tester and the standard scale were significantly correlated (P0.01), and the difference between them was not significant (P0.05), which could meet the requirements of the determination of the feed intake of dairy cattle. At the same time, it has the function of inquiring and printing the feed intake data. Comprehensive analysis of the above results shows that the individual feed intake measuring instrument of dairy cows can give full play to the advantages of computerized intelligent instrument, and has the characteristics of simple operation and powerful function. It is worth popularizing in small and medium-scale dairy cattle breeding enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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