呼伦贝尔草原部分地区绵羊消化道线虫流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:11

本文选题：绵羊 + 消化道线虫　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：呼伦贝尔市是内蒙古自治区主要畜牧业城市之一,蒙古羊是当地养殖业的主体畜种。目前蒙古羊是中国绵羊养殖业中数量最多、散布最广的粗毛绵羊品种,其原产地是蒙古高原。蒙古羊尤为适合在呼伦贝尔草原高寒地区放牧,因为其具备了生活能力强、适合游牧、耐寒、耐早等特点,同时拥有较好的产肉、产脂性能。但是,整个呼伦贝尔市对绵羊养殖业中的寄生虫病防治工作明显滞后,使绵羊的生产性能大大削弱,相关畜产品的产量和质量明显下降。为了调查研究呼伦贝尔草原自然放牧绵羊主要消化道线虫病的流行情况,给当地绵羊寄生虫病的预防和治疗提供科学依据,本实验于2013年12月至2014年12月采用粪便检查法、幼虫培养法对呼伦贝尔草原两大主要养殖区的200只绵羊消化道线虫的种类、流行现状、羊体内寄生虫病感染的程度以及流行的季节动态进行了研究。结果表明,此次研究共检出15种寄生虫虫卵,其中线虫卵8种,即捻转血矛线虫卵(Haemonchus contortus)、食道口线虫卵(Oesophagostomum)、毛圆形线虫卵(Trichostrongylus)、乳突类圆线虫卵(Strongyloides papillosus)、奥斯特线虫卵(Ostertagia)、细颈线虫卵(Nematodirus)、仰口线虫卵(Bunostomum)、毛尾线虫卵(Trichuris vulpis);优势虫种为捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆形线虫、乳突类圆线虫。吸虫卵2种,即肝片吸虫卵(Fasciola hepatica)、鹿前后盘吸虫卵(Paramphistomum cerv)。球虫卵5种,即阿撒他艾美尔球虫卵(E.ahsata)、贡氏艾美尔球虫卵(E.gonzalezi)、槌型艾美耳球虫卵(E.crandallis)、浮氏艾美尔球虫卵(E.faurei)、类绵羊艾美耳球虫卵(E.ovinoidalis)。其中成年羊消化道线虫除奥斯特线虫外虫卵排出量在5月份出现一次高峰,即春季高潮,8月份又出现一次比5月份小的高峰,即秋季高潮,而在一年中的其他月份,虫卵排出量均较少。羔羊粪便中最早能够检查出虫卵的时间是6月初,一年内虫卵排出量只有8月份一个高峰。绵羊消化道线虫卵在4月份恢复发育,10月份停止发育,草场上最早检获幼虫的时间是6月上旬。根据此次调查,呼伦贝尔市的谢尔塔拉镇和鄂温克族自治旗两大牧场绵羊群消化道线虫感染率较高,感染强度较大,并且普遍是以混合感染的方式出现。依据当地绵羊寄生虫病的流行规律,在药物驱虫方面,可以采取全年两次预防性驱虫的方式：第一次于4月下旬进草场放牧前,将羊体内寄生虫驱除掉再进入牧场,阻止春季高潮并减少草场上的感染性幼虫；第二次于9月下旬回畜舍前,杀灭掉羊体内的虫体后回到畜舍。
[Abstract]:Hulunbeir is one of the main animal husbandry cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Mongolian sheep is one of the most abundant and widely spread sheep breeds in China, and its origin is Mongolian plateau. Mongolian sheep are especially suitable for grazing in Hulunbeir steppe because they have the characteristics of strong living ability, good nomadic, cold and early tolerance, and good meat and fat production. However, the whole city of Hulunbeir obviously lags behind in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in sheep breeding, which greatly weakens the production performance of sheep and decreases the output and quality of related livestock products. In order to investigate the prevalence of nematode disease in main digestive tract of naturally grazed sheep in Hulunbeir grassland and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of parasitic disease in local sheep, fecal examination was used from December 2013 to December 2014. The species and epidemic status of 200 sheep digestive tract nematodes in two main breeding areas of Hulunbeir grassland were studied by larval culture method. The degree of parasitic infection in sheep and the seasonal dynamics of the epidemic were studied. The results showed that 15 kinds of parasite eggs were detected in this study, 8 of which were midline eggs. They are Haemonchus contortus), oesophagus, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides papillosus), Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Trichuris vulpis);. A round nematode or mastoid nematode. Two species of sucking eggs, namely, Paramphistomum cerv). Of Fasciola hepatica), deer There are 5 species of egg, E. ahsata, E. gonzalezi, E. crandallis, E. faurei and E. ovinoidalis, which are named E. ahsata, E. gonzalezi, E. crandallis, E. faurei and E. ovinoidalis, respectively. The egg excretion of adult sheep digestive tract nematodes except Orster nematodes showed a peak in May, that is, the spring climax in August and the autumn climax in August, but in other months of the year. Eggs excreted less. The earliest time to detect eggs in lamb feces was in early June, and the excretion of eggs in a year was only a peak in August. The egg of sheep alimentary tract reinstated in April and stopped in October, and the earliest larva was seized in the pasture in the first ten days of June. According to the investigation, the infection rate of nematode in digestive tract in Sheertara town of Hulunbeir city and the autonomous flag of Ewenki nationality is high and the infection intensity is high, and the infection rate is generally in the form of mixed infection. According to the epidemic pattern of parasitic disease in local sheep, in the aspect of drug insect repellent, it can be used twice a year to prevent insect repellent: the first one is to remove the parasites from the sheep and enter the pasture before grazing in late April. Prevent spring orgasm and reduce infective larvae on the pasture; before returning to the barn in late September, kill the insect in the sheep and return to the barn.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.26

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