西宁市发展草地农业的模式与路径研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 15:37

本文选题：草地农业 + 西宁市　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地处青藏高原农牧交错区的青海省西宁市,发展草地农业有着得天独厚的区位优势、资源优势、气候优势。近年来草原有效载畜量不断下降,草食畜存栏量明显减少,肉奶供应严重不足,使得发展草地农业迫在眉睫。此外,良好的群众基础和市场基础,草原生态保护与补助奖励机制等强有力的政策红利给西宁市发展草地农业带来了良好的发展机遇,但西宁市发展草地农业也有着认识不到位、牧草良种单一、资金支持不够、技术服务跟不上等一系列因素的制约。本研究对目前国内外草地农业发展现状进行了回顾,对西宁市畜牧养殖业发展取得的成效和存在的问题及不足进行了深入调研,对已有的三种较为典型的草地农业发展模式进行了对比分析研究。三种草地农业发展模式如下:1、合作社饲草订单种植加企业养殖发展模式,应通过专业合作社进一步扩大饲草种植规模,提高生产效率,降低养殖成本,降低生产风险,提高农民的组织化程度,带动农民增收,并应不断丰富饲草品种,使种植模式多样化,引进牧草加工企业,不断延长产业链条。2、农户土地出租加饲草加工企业务工发展模式,应通过土地租赁,进一步扩大饲草种植规模,培育种植企业,就地就近解决剩余农村劳动力,促进农民和企业稳定增收,并要进一步提高天然草地的科学、合理的放牧利用,要将饲草种植与牛羊养殖相结合,提高综合效益,以利于可持续发展。3、养殖大户舍饲加天然草场放牧发展模式,应依托不断发展壮大的养殖大户,大力发展人工草地,为圈养补饲提供优质饲草,保障牲畜平稳过冬,夏秋季利用天然草地轮牧,保证草畜平衡,提高养殖效益,并要建立健全相关保障措施,想方设法稳定养殖大户的资金链,有效规避风险,同时也要引进饲草加工、畜产品加工、粪污无害化利用等系统,延长产业链条,提高附加值。4、西宁市草地农业发展的几点建议:(1)西宁市要将发展草地农业当做当前乃至今后最紧迫的一项重要任务;(2)西宁市要将草地农业发展成为未来农业领域的一大支柱产业;(3)西宁市发展草地农业要走农户+合作社+企业合作共赢的发展模式;(4)西宁市发展草地农业要走产业化、规模化发展道路;(5)西宁市发展草地农业要走种植与养殖结合、舍饲与放牧结合、种植与加工结合的多元化发展道路;(6)西宁市三县应充分依托自身的资源优势,在目前已有发展模式的基础上相互借鉴、扬长避短,发展各具特色、多种模式的草地农业。综上,西宁市发展草地农业应该将几种模式相互融合,扬长避短,走农户+合作社+公司的抱团式发展模式,求得更大空间的合作共赢,走产业化、规模化道路,走种植与养殖相结合、舍饲与放牧相结合、种植与加工相结合的发展道路,逐步将草地农业打造成为未来西宁市农业领域的一大支柱产业,更好的促进农业增效,农民增收。
[Abstract]:In Xining City of Qinghai Province which is located in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau the development of grassland agriculture has its unique geographical advantages resource advantages and climate advantages. In recent years, the effective stocking capacity of grassland is decreasing, the amount of herbivorous livestock is obviously decreasing, and the supply of meat and milk is seriously insufficient, so it is urgent to develop grassland agriculture. In addition, strong policy dividends, such as a good mass and market base, grassland ecological protection and subsidy incentive mechanism, have brought Xining a good opportunity to develop grassland agriculture. However, the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City is restricted by a series of factors, such as the lack of understanding, the single fine species of forage, the insufficient financial support and the technical service. The present situation of grassland agriculture at home and abroad was reviewed, and the achievements, problems and shortcomings of livestock farming in Xining City were investigated. Three typical models of grassland agriculture development were compared and studied. The three models of grassland agriculture development are as follows: 1. The development model of forage order planting and enterprise breeding in cooperative should further expand forage planting scale, improve production efficiency, reduce breeding cost and reduce production risk through specialized cooperatives. To increase farmers' organizational degree and increase farmers' income, we should enrich forage varieties, diversify planting patterns, introduce forage processing enterprises, prolong the industrial chain of .2, and expand the development model of farmers' land rental and forage processing enterprises. Through land lease, we should further expand the scale of forage grass planting, cultivate planting enterprises, solve the surplus rural labor force locally, promote the steady increase of income of farmers and enterprises, and further improve the science and rational grazing utilization of natural grassland. In order to combine forage planting with cattle and sheep breeding, to improve the comprehensive benefit, to benefit the sustainable development of. 3, and to develop the artificial grassland by relying on the growing and growing farmers, In order to provide high quality forage for refeeding in captivity, to ensure stable winter for livestock, to make use of natural grassland rotation in summer and autumn, to ensure the balance of grass and livestock, to improve the efficiency of breeding, and to establish and improve the relevant safeguard measures, and to try every means to stabilize the capital chain of large farmers, To effectively avoid risks, we should also introduce systems such as forage processing, livestock product processing, and harmless utilization of manure, so as to prolong the industrial chain. Some suggestions on the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City: (1) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City should be regarded as the most urgent task at present and in the future; (2) the grassland agriculture should be developed into the future agricultural field in Xining City. (3) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining city should follow the pattern of farmers' cooperative enterprise cooperation and win-win development; (4) Xining city should take industrialization to develop grassland agriculture, (5) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining should take the diversified development road of combining planting and breeding, combining house and grazing, planting and processing; (6) the three counties of Xining should fully rely on their own resource advantages. On the basis of the existing development models, the grassland agriculture with its own characteristics and various models should be developed. To sum up, Xining City should combine several models to develop grassland agriculture, promote its strengths and circumvent its weaknesses, take the collective development model of farmers' cooperative companies, seek a win-win cooperation in greater space, and take the road of industrialization and scale. By combining planting and breeding, combining house feeding with grazing, combining planting with processing, grassland agriculture will be gradually made into a pillar industry in Xining agricultural field in the future, which will better promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.12;F326.3

【参考文献】