不同类型牛舍对寒冷地区荷斯坦后备母牛体格发育影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:29

本文选题：牛舍类型 + 后备母牛　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过测量分析呼和浩特地区不同类型牛舍条件下饲养的健康后备母牛的胸围、体高和体斜长等体格发育数据,探讨了不同类型牛舍对后备母牛生长发育的影响,为生产管理提供科学依据。不同类型牛舍下对应阶段牛群饲养管理、日组成、疫病防治及初配标准等均一致。试验一：选择4至5月龄段的健康后备母牛152头,其中露天简易牛舍61头(L组),全封闭式牛舍91头(F组),跟踪测量体高、体斜长和胸围到初配(14月龄左右)。试验结果显示：试验开始时L和F组体高、胸围、体斜长分别为98.78和99.32cm、120.55和117.47cm、102.00和101.61cm,差异均不显著(p0.05);试验结束时相应指标分别为126.26和128.53 cm(p0.01)、173.24和175.50 cm(0.1p0.05)、142.63和144.34cm(p0.01)；整个试验期间F组相应指标累积生长量分别比L组高1.72cm(p0.05)、5.34cm(p0.01)和2.10cm(0.1p0.05)。从结果得出：不同类型牛舍对初配前后备母牛的生长发育有显著的负面影响。试验二：本试验数据集包含3163头初生至18月龄段的健康后备母牛胸围、体高和体斜长数据,其中露天简易牛舍1098头(L组),全封闭式牛舍2065头(F组)。结果显示：初生时L组和F组胸围、体高及体斜长分别为78.94和80.09cm、77.08和77.35cm、71.55和70.68cm,差异均不显著(p0.05);3月龄时胸围、体高和体斜长分别为109.49和106.98cm、93.01和93.97cm、91.88和94.63cm,差异分别为极显著(p0.01)、不显著但趋于显著(0.1p0.05)和极显著(p0.01)；6月龄时,F组较L组,胸围高2.03cm,差异显著(p0.05),体高高3.68cm,差异极显著(p0.01),体斜长高0.55cm,差异不显著(p0.05)；18月龄F组三项体尺分别高2.45、0.33和0.29cm,差异均不显著(p0.05)。从结果得出：初生至3月龄段,传统简易露天牛舍下后备母牛体尺生长发育优于封闭式牛舍,差异显著(p0.05);初生至18月龄段,二类型牛舍对后备母牛生长发育的影响无显著差异(p0.05)。结论：(1)传统简易露天牛舍及封闭式牛舍下后备母牛胸围、体高及体斜长三项体尺的生长发育均符合中国荷斯坦后备母牛自然生长发育一般规律。(2)封闭式牛舍下荷斯坦后备母牛体尺生长发育优于露天简易牛舍。(3)校正体尺值(标准日龄体尺值)比自然月龄体尺值(平均月龄体尺值)更能代表后备母牛群生长发育情况。(4)本试验结果中不同标准日龄胸围、体高和体斜长等体尺值可作为后备母牛体尺生长发育评价及培育的理论参考。
[Abstract]:The effects of different types of cattle sheds on the growth and development of backup cows were studied by means of measuring and analyzing the physical development data of healthy reserve cows raised under different types of cowshed conditions in Hohhot area, such as chest circumference, body height and oblique length. To provide scientific basis for production management. The management, daily composition, prevention and control of epidemic disease and the standard of initial allocation were the same in the corresponding stages of different types of cattle sheds. Experiment 1: 152 healthy backup cows were selected from 4 to 5 months of age, including 61 open-air cattle shed (group L) and 91 totally closed cattle (group F). The body height, body length and chest circumference were measured (about 14 months old). The results showed that at the beginning of the experiment, the body height, chest circumference and oblique length of L and F groups were 98.78 and 99.32 cm / kg, 120.55 and 117.47 cm / kg, 102.00 and 101.61 cm, respectively, and the corresponding indexes at the end of the experiment were 126.26 cm (p0.01) and 128.53 cm (p0.01) and 175.50 cm (0.1p0.05) 142.63 and 144.34cm (p0.01), respectively. The cumulative increment of corresponding indexes in group F was 5.34 cm (p0.01) and 5.34 cm (p0.01) and 2.10cm (0.1p0.05) higher than that in group L respectively. The results showed that different types of cattle had a significant negative effect on the growth and development of pre-mating backup cows. Experiment 2: the data set included 3163 healthy backup cows from birth to 18 months of age, including 1098 open-air cattle (group L) and 2065 completely closed cows (group F). The results showed that the chest circumference, body height and body oblique length of group L and group F were 78.94 and 80.09 cm / s 77.08 and 77.35 cm / d 71.55 and 70.68 cm respectively at birth, and there was no significant difference in chest circumference at 3 months old (p0.05). The body height and oblique length were 109.49 and 106.98 cm / kg 93.01 and 93.97 cm / kg 91.88 and 94.63 cm, respectively. The difference was very significant (p0.01), but the difference was not significant but tended to be significant (0.1p0.05) and extremely significant (p0.01) at 6 months of age, the difference in F group was higher than that in L group. The height of chest circumference was 2.03 cm, the difference was significant (p0.05), the height of body was 3.68 cm, the difference was extremely significant (p0.01), the height of body oblique length was 0.55 cm, and the difference was not significant (p0.05). The results showed that from birth to 3 months old, the growth and development of reserve cows under the traditional simple open-pit cattle shed was better than that of closed cows (p0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two types of cattle at the age of 18 months (p0.05). Conclusion: (1) the chest circumference of the traditional simple open-air cowshed and the closed cowshed under the reserve cow, The growth and development of body height and oblique length of three body sizes all accord with the general law of natural growth and development of Chinese Holstein reserve cows. (2) the growth and development of Holstein reserve cows under closed cowshed are superior to those of open-air simple cattle sheds. (3) Correction of body size is better than that of open-pit simple cattle sheds. (4) the body circumference of different standard day age in this experiment is better than that of natural month age (average month age body size). (4) the growth and development of the backup cows are better than that of the natural month age. (4) the chest circumference of different standard day age in this experiment is better than that of the natural age (average age). The body height and oblique length can be used as theoretical reference for the evaluation and development of the growth and development of the body length of the backup cow.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S823

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