松嫩盐碱草地主要丛枝菌根真菌对植物耐盐性影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 20:37

本文选题：丛枝菌根真菌 + 多样性　；参考：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：丛枝菌根(／(?)rbuscular Mycorrhizal, AM)真菌作为一类广泛存在于土壤生态系统中的共生菌,能够提高植物在盐胁迫下的抗性,已受到广泛的关注。本论文对黑龙江省肇东市西南部的松嫩盐碱草地AM真菌资源进行了初步调查,分析了AM真菌的侵染状况、多样性、资源分布、土壤因子与AM真菌之间的关系,分离鉴定并筛选出松嫩盐碱草地的优势AM真菌菌株,并在此基础之上以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为试验材料,进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理,测定了两种优势AM真菌对紫花苜蓿生长效应的影响。实验结果可为松嫩盐碱草原退化生态系统的生物修复与重建积累资料,同时对紫花苜蓿在有一定盐度园林绿地中的应用提供参考和借鉴。主要研究成果如下：(1)本试验采集的26种常见盐碱植物均被侵染成典型的AM真菌结构,蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物侵染状况最好,100%被侵染；蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)与AM真菌的亲和力最强,其侵染状况、AM真菌多样性指数、资源分布情况均为所有植物中最优；而蓼科植物则与AM真菌亲和力最差,以扁蓄蓼(Polygonum aviculare)最为典型。(2)从采集的26种盐碱植物根际土壤中共分离出5属40种AM真菌,已鉴定38种,尚有2个未确定种(sp)。其中球囊霉属(Glomus)21种,占总种数的52.5%；无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)12种,占总种数的30%；盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)4种,占总种数的10%；巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)2种占总种数的5%；和平囊霉属(Pacispora)只有玻利维亚和平囊霉(Pacispora boliviana)1种；球囊霉属(Glomus)和无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)为优势属,根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)为优势种。(3)26种盐碱植物根际土壤理化性质差异明显,蒲公英根际土壤的有机质含量、全氮量、全磷量均达到所有植物中的最高值,分别为24.32、1.72和0.73g·kg-1,而扁蓄蓼则为所有植物中的最低值,仅为19.06、1.38、0.45g·kg-1。土壤有机质和全氮量对AM真菌的影响最大,与AM真菌侵染率、侵染强度、泡囊丰度、丛枝丰度、孢子密度和物种丰度均表现为极显著正相关,与Shannon-Weiner指数(H)呈显著正相关；土壤全磷量和全钾量与AM真菌侵染状况和物种多样性也表现出不同程度的正相关性；而pH值和全盐量对AM真菌没有显著影响。(4)随着NaCl(0%、0.5%、1.0%)盐胁迫程度的增强,紫花苜蓿生长状况逐渐减弱；接种AM真菌能提高显著紫花苜蓿的耐盐性,3种不同的AM菌剂均能显著提高植株的侵染率、个体生物量和叶绿素含量；当NaCl浓度为1.0%时,AM真菌增强植物体内POD、SOD、CAT抗氧化酶活性更为显著,NaCl浓度为0.5%时,AM真菌促进植株对N、P、K的吸收更明显,以接种Glomus intraradices 和 Glomus versiforme的混合菌剂效果最好,Glomus versiforme次之。
[Abstract]:Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as a kind of symbiotic bacteria, which exist widely in soil ecosystem, can improve the resistance of plants under salt stress. In this paper, the AM fungi resources in the Songnen Saline-alkali grassland in the southwest of Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province were investigated, and the infection status, diversity, resource distribution, soil factors and the relationship between AM fungi and AM fungi were analyzed. The dominant AM fungi strains in Songnen saline-alkali grassland were isolated and screened. On the basis of this, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was used as experimental material to deal with different concentrations of NaCl stress. The effects of two dominant AM fungi on the growth of alfalfa were studied. The results can be used as a reference for the bioremediation and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem in Songnen saline-alkali steppe and the application of alfalfa in garden green space with certain salinity. The main results are as follows: (1) 26 common saline-alkali plants collected in this experiment were infected with typical AM fungi structure, and the best infection rate was 100% in Rosaceae, and the affinity between Taraxacum mongolicum and AM fungi was the highest. The diversity index and resource distribution of AM fungi were the best among all plants, while the affinities of Polygonaceae plants with AM fungi were the worst. Polygonum aviculare is the most typical. (2) A total of 5 genera and 40 species of AM fungi have been isolated from the rhizosphere soil of 26 species of saline-alkali plants, 38 species have been identified and 2 species (sp). Have not been identified. There are 21 species of Glomus (52.5 species), 12 species of (Acaulospora) (30% of total species), 4 species (10% of total species) of Scutellospora, 2 species of Gigaspora (55.00% of the total species), 5 species of Scutellospora (10 species of total species), 5 species of Scutellospora (2 species of Gigaspora), 5 species of Gigaspora (2 species of Gigaspora), 10 species of total species of Scutellospora, 5 species of Gigaspora. Pacispora has only one species of Pacispora boliviana in Bolivia, Glomus and (Acaulospora) are dominant genera, Glomus intraradices and Glomus versiforme are dominant species. (3) the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of 26 saline-alkali plants are obviously different. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of Taraxacum dandelion were the highest in all plants, which were 24.32 ~ (1.72) and 0.73 g 路kg ~ (-1), respectively, while Polygonum hydropiper was the lowest value in all plants, which was only 19.06 ~ (1.38) ~ 0.45 g 路kg ~ (-1). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content had the greatest effect on AM fungi, which were significantly positively correlated with infection rate, infection intensity, vesicle abundance, branch abundance, spore density and species abundance, and Shannon-Weiner index (H). Soil total phosphorus and total potassium content also showed positive correlation with AM fungal infection status and species diversity, but pH value and total salt content had no significant effect on AM fungi. (4) with the increase of NaCl (0 0. 5% ~ 0. 0%) salt stress, the soil total phosphorus content and total potassium content also showed a positive correlation with AM fungi infection and species diversity, (4) with the increase of NaCl (0 0. 5 ~ 0. 5%) salt stress, The growth status of alfalfa decreased gradually, and the salt-tolerance of alfalfa was improved by inoculating AM fungi, and the infection rate, individual biomass and chlorophyll content of alfalfa were significantly increased by three kinds of AM fungicides. When the concentration of NaCl was 1.0, the activities of catalase of PODS-SODDG in plants were significantly enhanced when the concentration of NaCl was 1.0. When the concentration of NaCl was 0.5, AM fungi promoted the absorption of Nomus K in plants more obviously, and the mixture inoculated with Glomus intraradices and Glomus versiforme had the best effect on the uptake of Nomus versiforme, followed by the mixture of Glomus intraradices and Glomus versiforme.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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