苦豆子综合开发利用生产工艺的研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 07:58

  本文选题：苦豆子 + 生物碱　； 参考：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：苦豆子多见于西北地区,其内不仅含多种具医药、保健等利用价值的生物碱,还含有丰富的蛋白质、糖类以及黄酮类等有效成分,可作为牲畜高营养饲料。但这些生物碱经牲畜食用后,会引起牲畜中毒。本文通过对苦豆子中生物碱的提取纯化的研究,以及对苦豆子残渣经发酵后作为一种新型的可再利用的高蛋白饲料,以期将苦豆子变废为宝,为工业化生产苦豆子提供可靠地理论依据和实验基础。本文主要研究了以下几点内容：1.苦豆子中生物碱的定性和定量测定。总生物碱和生物碱单体的定性测定主要是通过薄层层析法测定。薄层层析法测定总生物碱所用的展开剂为氯仿：甲醇：氨水=7：2.5：0.5,测定苦参碱所用的展开剂为正己烷：乙醇：氨水=7：3：0.1,测定氧化苦参碱所用的展开剂为氯仿：正丁醇：氨水=6：4：0.1,测定金雀花碱所用的展开剂为乙酸乙酯：甲醇：氨水=8：2：0.05。总生物碱的定量测定采用的是分光光度法,以苦参碱含量为对照；生物碱单体定量测定采用的是高效液相色谱法,苦参碱单体定量测定的条件为NH2柱,波长220nm,流动相为乙腈：乙醇：3%磷酸水=75：15：10；氧化苦参碱单体定量测定的条件C18柱,波长为210nm,流动相为甲醇：乙腈：水：磷酸=10：30：65：0.05；金雀花碱单体定量测定的条件为C18柱,310nm波长下,流动相为乙腈：0.02醋酸铵：三乙胺=15：85：0.05,高效液相色谱法中温度均为室温,流速均为1.0mL/min,进样量均为20uL。2.苦豆子中生物碱的提取工艺研究。通过单因素实验和正交实验,验证并确定了提取苦豆子中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件,最佳实验条件如下：苦豆子粒径为20～40目,提取溶剂为pH0.8的硫酸水,料液比为1：20,浸提温度为27～37℃,浸提最佳时间为14h,提取次数3次。3.苦豆子中生物碱纯化工艺研究。实验包括静态实验和动态实验,静态实验优选了最佳树脂为D001,上样液最适pH3.5,上样液初始浓度为7.5mg/mL,最佳洗脱剂为pH10的65%氨乙醇；通过动态实验,优选了树脂最佳上样速率为5.5mL/min,洗脱剂为4倍左右的pH10的65%氨乙醇。4.苦豆子单体的分离工艺研究。通过结晶、重结晶的方法分离了纯度为97%的苦参碱单体；通过酸-有机溶剂反复萃取,经硅胶柱分离,得到纯度为96%的金雀花碱单体；通过使用双氧水将苦参碱氧化为氧化苦参碱,得到了纯度为95%的氧化苦参碱单体,转化率达到了90%以上。5.苦豆子提取生物碱后,残渣经发酵后,发酵为富含高蛋白的有机饲料。通过对发酵过程中发酵温度、发酵时间、初始含水量及含糖量的研究,确定了发酵的最佳工艺条件；经过对添加发酵剂和未添加发酵剂的苦豆子残渣进行比较,优选出了添加发酵剂后,在发酵温度为35℃,发酵时间为5d,初始含水量为60%的条件下,发酵的饲料富含高蛋白,多糖类营养成分,可作为一种优良的饲料代替其他饲料。
[Abstract]:Momordica charantia L. is found in Northwest China. It contains not only a variety of alkaloids with medical and health value, but also rich protein, sugar and flavonoids, which can be used as high nutrition feed for livestock. But these alkaloids can be poisoned by livestock after they are eaten by livestock. In this paper, the extraction and purification of alkaloids from bitter bean were studied, and the residue of bitter bean was fermented as a new kind of high protein feed which can be reused in order to turn the waste of bitter bean into treasure. To provide a reliable theoretical basis and experimental basis for industrial production of bitter beans. This paper mainly studies the following points: 1. Qualitative and quantitative determination of alkaloids in Momordica charantia L. The qualitative determination of total alkaloids and alkaloid monomers is mainly determined by thin layer chromatography. The developing agents used for the determination of total alkaloids by TLC were chloroform: methanol: ammonia water: 7: 2.5: 0.5; those used for the determination of matrine were n-hexane: ethanol: ammonia water 7: 3: 0.1; and those used for the determination of oxymatrine were 7: 3: 0.1. Chloroform: n-butanol: ammonia water 6: 4: 0.1. The developing agent for the determination of genistein is ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia water 8: 2: 0.05. The quantitative determination of total alkaloids was carried out by spectrophotometry, the content of matrine was compared, the quantitative determination of alkaloids was performed by HPLC, and the conditions for quantitative determination of matrine were NH _ 2 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: ethanol: 3% phosphoric acid water 75: 15: 10; the conditions for quantitative determination of oxymatrine were C18 column, wavelength 210 nm; mobile phase methanol: acetonitrile: water: 10: 30: 650.05; Under the conditions of C _ (18) column and 310 nm wavelength, the mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.02 ammonium acetate: triethylamine 15: 85: 0.05.The temperature of HPLC was room temperature, the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, and the sample volume was 20uL. 2. Study on extraction process of alkaloids from Momordica charantia L. The optimum extraction conditions of total alkaloids from Momordica charantia L. were verified and determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum conditions were as follows: the diameter of Sophora alopecuroides was 20 ~ 40 mesh, and the solvent was sulfuric acid water with pH 0.8. The ratio of material to liquid is 1: 20, the extraction temperature is 2737 鈩，

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