上海生猪科技入户工程的运行模式与成效评价

发布时间：2018-06-30 18:57

本文选题：生猪科技入户 + 推广模式　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国生猪产业的发展正在经历转型:从单纯的数量型增长向质量效益和生态环境效益转型。为了在转型期更好地做好生猪科技推广工作,本文将前阶段(2005-2013年)上海市生猪科技入户工作模式、工作内容,及其产生的经济、社会、生态环境效益进行分析和总结。上海市生猪科技入户工程的模式是以政府(农委畜牧办)主管,组织高校、研究所科研人员形成专家组,以市动物疾病预防与控制中心和上海市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所、区县镇级的指导员为推广主体(科技入户指导员)。指导员通过课堂培训、田间实训、养户讲堂、单个培训、典型示范、巡回互动等多种形式的培训活动,推广生猪养殖技术,以科技示范点建设为核心,实施项目带动战略,以点带面,全面提升全市的养猪生产水平。主要推介优良猪种如大白、长白、杜洛克等优良引进品种以及含有浦东白、枫泾、沙乌头、上海白等地方猪种血统的二元(二洋或一洋一土)或三元(二洋一土)杂交母猪,推介低碳环保型的粪污减排技术,精准高效型的人工授精等繁育技术和精细饲养技术。经过几年努力,效果明显,主要体现在:一是工程覆盖率明显扩大。生猪科技入户工程推广的繁殖母猪的技术覆盖率由2009年的70.63%增加到2013年的73.46%(覆盖率提高4%),其中2013年生产母猪存栏数为135153头,工程实施区域有99280头,生产覆盖率为73.46%,为五年之最高;生猪养猪户的覆盖率也由2009年的8.8%提高到2013年的14.81%(覆盖率提高68.29%),而2011年生猪养殖户覆盖率最高,有4469个养殖户,工程实施区域为1515户,覆盖率占15.98%。二是养殖水平和经济效益明显提高。上海市每头生产母猪年提供商品猪数由2009年的17.69头提高到2013年的18.31头,提高了 3.5%;平均日增重由2009年的262.6g提高到2013年的583g,提高了 122.1%,其中2012年达到589g;料重比由2009年的3.21提高到2013年的3.17(饲料转化率提高1.25%)。上海市生猪科技入户工程产生的经济效益由2009年的1388.57万元,提高到2013年的1770.61万元,提高了 27.51%。三是社会效益和环境效益明显改善。通过生猪科技入户,培养了一批生猪科技推广专业人员,其中市级指导人4名、区县级指导员有77名,共计81名;有效地促进了生猪产业规模化、标准化的发展,上海市现已建成300个标准化规模养猪场;通过推广冬季保温设施和管理,有效解决了猪舍冬季保温难题,降低仔猪疾病发生率,提高了猪肉产品的生物安全性;通过推广种养结合技术,将猪场废弃物无害化处理技术、种养结合技术,减少了养猪生产对生态环境的污染。但在项目实施中,由于经费不足、生猪行情不利等客观问题,导致科技入户辐射数量有限、技术更新不及时。因此,在新的转型期,如何巩固生猪科技入户工作的成果,使生猪科技推广工作再上一个新的台阶,需要进一步完善各种配套机制,加大投入力度,切实保障专家开展工作和技术指导员入户指导所需配套经费,加强技术指导队伍、突出入户工作重心、加强工作绩效考核。
[Abstract]:The development of pig industry in China is undergoing a transition from simple quantitative growth to quality benefit and ecological environment benefit. In order to better promote the promotion of pig science and technology in the transition period, the work model, work content, economic, social and ecological ring of Shanghai pig science and technology in the previous stage (2005-2013 years) are introduced in this paper. The model of Shanghai pig science and technology entry project is based on the administration of the government (Agriculture Committee Animal Husbandry Office), the organization of colleges and universities, and the research personnel of the Institute to form an expert group, and the center of animal disease prevention and control of the city and the animal husbandry and veterinary Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the District County township level instructors as the extension main body. Instructors, instructors through the classroom training, field training, household lecture hall, individual training, typical demonstration, itinerant interaction and other forms of training activities, promotion of pig breeding technology, the construction of science and technology demonstration points as the core, the implementation of the project driven strategy, to improve the overall level of pig production in the city. Great white, long white, Duroc and other excellent imported varieties, as well as two yuan (two ocean or one ocean soil) or three yuan (two ocean one soil) hybrid sow containing Pudong white, Fengjing, Shabu and Shanghai white, introduce low carbon and environmental protection technology of fecal pollution reduction, precision and high efficiency artificial insemination and fine breeding technology and fine feeding technology. For several years, the effect is obvious, mainly reflected in the following: first, the coverage rate of the project is obviously expanded. The technical coverage rate of the breeding sows promoted by the pig science and technology household project has increased from 70.63% in 2009 to 73.46% in 2013 (4%), of which 135153 in 2013, 99280 in the project implementation area and 7 in the production coverage. 3.46%, the highest in five years; the coverage rate of pig farmers increased from 8.8% in 2009 to 14.81% in 2013 (the coverage rate increased by 68.29%). In 2011, the coverage rate of pig farmers was the highest. There were 4469 farmers and 1515 households in the project implementation area. The coverage rate of 15.98%. two was a significant increase in breeding and economic benefits. Each production in Shanghai was produced. The number of pigs provided in the year of sows increased from 17.69 in 2009 to 18.31 in 2013, and increased by 3.5%; the average daily gain increased from 262.6g in 2009 to 583g in 2013, and increased by 122.1% in 2012 to 589g, and the weight ratio was increased from 3.21 in 2009 to 3.17 in 2013. (the feed conversion rate of feed was raised by 1.25%) in Shanghai. The economic benefit produced by Cheng was raised from 13 million 885 thousand and 700 yuan in 2009 to 17 million 706 thousand and 100 yuan in 2013, and the social and environmental benefits were improved by 27.51%. three. Through pig science and technology, a batch of pig science and technology promotion professionals were trained, including 4 municipal directors, 77 district and county instructors, and a total of 81. 300 standardized pig farms have been built in Shanghai with the scale and standardization of the pig industry. By popularizing the heat preservation facilities and management in winter, the heat preservation problem of the pig house in winter is effectively solved, the incidence of piglet disease is reduced, the biological safety of pork products is improved, and the pig farm wastes are harmless by popularizing the technology of breeding and breeding. However, in the implementation of the project, due to the lack of funds and the disadvantage of the pig market, the number of radiation in science and technology is limited and the technology is not updated in time. Therefore, in the new transition period, how to consolidate the achievements of the pig science and technology into the household work and to make the pig family in the new period of transformation The technical promotion work is on a new step. We need to further improve all kinds of supporting mechanisms, increase investment, guarantee the necessary funds for the guidance of the experts to carry out work and technical instructors, strengthen the technical guidance team, highlight the focus of the household work, and strengthen the performance evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.3;F323.3

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