呼伦贝尔地区奶牛隐性乳房炎流行病学调查及病原菌的分离鉴定

发布时间：2018-07-06 12:22

本文选题：呼伦贝尔地区 + 奶牛隐性乳房炎　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：呼伦贝尔地区是我国最大的奶源牧场之一,奶牛养殖规模迅速发展,但是由于当地饲养管理水平较低,使奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率居高不下。奶牛隐性乳房炎是制约奶牛行业发展的重要因素之一,由于发病隐蔽且不易察觉,因此给奶牛养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。本研究对呼伦贝尔地区的4个旗县的大、中规模奶牛场以及国营生产联队奶牛隐性乳房炎发病情况进行了调查,采用流行病学调查法、体细胞计数法、CMT、乳房炎检测试纸法检测奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率,统计分析呼伦贝尔各个地区发病率与季度、胎次、泌乳阶段间的相互关系,分析其隐性乳房炎发病规律,为研究今后防控治疗奠定基础;采集四个地区隐性乳房炎的乳样进行细菌培养,并分离鉴定主要病原菌且进行相关药物敏感的试验。结果发现:1.统计分析呼伦贝尔地区2015年1月到12月的体细胞数据,利用体细胞计数法、CMT、乳房炎检测试纸三种方法共检测1533头次,阳性头数为562,该地区平均阳性率为36.66%。发病率较高的地区为陈巴尔虎旗地区,四个牧区总体在第三、四季度发病率较高。分析每个季度中新患病奶牛的发病率,我们不难看出奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率会随着月份变化而发生变化,第四季度发病率达到峰值;隐性乳房炎发病率趋势随着奶牛胎次的不断增加而上升;分析发现奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率与泌乳天数的关系,我们发现泌乳前期的奶牛发病率较低,相反其泌乳后期发病率较高。2.采集以上4个地区奶牛场奶样,随机选取50份奶牛隐性乳房炎进行细菌的分离鉴定,从中分离出11种119株细菌,鉴定出金黄色葡萄球菌29株,占24.4%;表皮葡萄球菌14株,占11.76%;无乳链球菌18株,停乳链球菌8株,乳房链球菌7株,化脓链球菌2株,链球菌总共35株,占29.41%;大肠埃希菌21株,占17.65%,克雷伯菌3株,占2.25%。由葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌引起的乳房炎占总数的83.19%。结果提示该奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌。3.上述检出菌对头孢曲松、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、阿莫西林、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、氨苄西林等药物比较敏感,对土霉素、四环素、磷霉素、新霉素等药物敏感性较低,而对青霉素G、红霉素等药物产生很强的耐药性。
[Abstract]:Hulunbeir region is one of the largest dairy farms in China, and the scale of dairy cattle breeding is developing rapidly. However, the incidence of recessive mastitis in dairy cows remains high due to the low level of local breeding and management. Hidden mastitis is one of the important factors restricting the development of dairy cow industry. In this study, the incidence of recessive mastitis in four flag counties in Hulunbeir area was investigated, and the incidence of recessive mastitis in dairy cattle and state-owned dairy cows in Hulunbeier region was investigated by means of epidemiological investigation. The incidence rate of recessive mastitis in dairy cows was detected by somatic cell count method and mastitis test paper method. The incidence of recessive mastitis in different areas of Hulunbeir was statistically analyzed, and the relationship between incidence rate and quarter, birth order and lactation stage was analyzed, and the incidence regularity of recessive mastitis was analyzed. In order to lay a foundation for future prevention and control of mastitis, the milk samples from four areas were collected for bacterial culture, and the main pathogens were isolated and identified and drug sensitive tests were carried out. It turned out that 1: 1. The somatic cell data from January to December of 2015 in Hulunbeir area were statistically analyzed. The somatic cell count method and mastitis test paper were used to detect 1533 times, the number of positive heads was 562. The average positive rate was 36.66 in this area. The area with high incidence was Chen Balhu Banner. The incidence rate of four pastoral areas was higher in the third quarter and the fourth quarter. The incidence of recessive mastitis will change with the change of month, and the incidence of recessive mastitis will reach the peak in the fourth quarter. The incidence of recessive mastitis increased with the increasing number of births in dairy cows, and the relationship between the incidence of recessive mastitis in dairy cows and the number of days of lactation was found to be lower. On the contrary, the incidence of late lactation was higher. 2. 2. Milk samples from dairy farms in the above four areas were collected and 50 dairy cows with recessive mastitis were randomly selected to isolate and identify 11 species 119 strains of bacteria, 29 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), 14 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 14 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. There were 18 strains of streptococcus, 8 strains of Streptococcus brevis, 2 strains of Streptococcus suppura, 35 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 21 strains of Escherichia coli (17.65%) and 3 strains of Klebsiella (2.25%). Mastitis caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus and Escherichia coli accounts for 83.19 percent of the total. The results suggested that the main pathogens of recessive mastitis in dairy cattle were Staphylococcus, streptococcus and Escherichia coli. These bacteria were sensitive to ceftriaxone, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin and so on. Neomycin is less sensitive to penicillin G and erythromycin.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S858.23

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