我国基层兽医服务体系研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 15:58

本文选题：基层兽医服务体系 + 兽医公共服务　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：基层兽医服务是动物防疫工作中最重要的环节,决定了动物疫病防控工作的最终成效。当前,我国县级及以下政府兽医机构和各种市场兽医服务主体组成了较为完备了基层兽医服务体系,通过提供有效的兽医服务为保障我国畜牧业健康发展和公共卫生安全作出了巨大贡献。但与此同时,基层兽医服务体系面临官方机构人才队伍、经费保障、基础设施与工作实际不相适应的条件制约,市场化兽医服务主体发展缓慢、服务质量亟待改善的现状,以及千家万户散养和畜禽全国大流通带来的动物疫病防控紧迫形势,加快推动建设完善我国兽医服务体系势在必行。本文是作者通过对我国兽医服务历史情况、当前基层兽医服务体系发展现状和国外兽医服务先进经验进行文献研究、实地考察座谈、问卷调查、分析总结,提出符合中国国情的基层兽医服务体系建设的措施与对策。共分五个部分:第一部分:对兽医服务的内涵与属性等理论基础进行了背景研究,分析了国内外基层兽医服务需求。第二部分:梳理了我国改革开放三十多年来,基层兽医服务在我国社会、经济环境影响下,在兽医工作大政方针的指导引领下,取得的阶段性成果。总结出基层兽医队伍是履行兽医公益职能和技术推广的主力军,适合采取承担公共服务与个体经营服务相结合的服务模式等历史经验。第三部分:我国基层兽医服务现状研究。首先,分析了政府提供的基层兽医公共服务和各方主体开展的兽医市场化服务现状和问题。其次,以全国较有代表性的防疫有限责任公司、个人独资或合伙企业、专业防疫合作社、非盈利机构等新型兽医服务主体与模式为例,介绍了服务主体运行概况、政府扶持与考核监管情况、收入分配模式,论述了不同组织形态和模式提高防疫员收入、稳定防疫队伍、通过政府购买服务机制促进防疫主体责任回归养殖者、强化考核使动物疫病防控效果提升、防疫员组织化程度提高从而降低政府管理成本等先进性,并剖析了推广难点。最后介绍了民营科研诊疗机构、饲料兽药公司、专业养殖合作组织与龙头企业、兽医托管公司的业务概况与服务模式。第四部分:国外基层兽医服务经验借鉴及启示。以科学健全的法律和动物疫病防控体系、有力的财政支撑、切实经济的防控措施、规范的行业管理为切入点论述了美国兽医公共服务的经验启示,介绍了美国执业兽医市场化服务概况以及托管公司的发展背景与服务方式。并以欧盟重大动物疫病预警体系、追溯体系和澳大利亚社会兽医主体力量为例,介绍了其他发达国家兽医服务的先进经验。第五部分:提出我国基层兽医服务体系的发展建议。在加强基层兽医公共服务体系建设方面,一是结合中国国情与兽医工作实际建立内容全面、明确具体、可操作性强的法律法规体系;二是捋顺体制、改善机制,继续加强基层乡镇兽医机构改革、恢复乡镇兽医站,强化乡镇站公益职能、推广政府购买兽医公共服务机制,强化监管,严格依法办事;三是在财政投入上,加大对新型基层兽医服务模式的重点扶持、增加投入总量、调整投入结构、引入市场机制,进一步健全财政保障机制。在促进基层兽医市场化服务体系健康发展方面,一是因地制宜引导建立承接公共兽医服务的市场化基层兽医服务主体,加大政策扶持,推动其能力提升;二是从助推基层传统兽医诊疗主体转型、鼓励创立新型兽医服务模式和实体、充分发挥协会等非盈利机构的行业管理作用三方面探讨了如何积极培育其他兽医市场化服务主体。
[Abstract]:Grass-roots veterinarian service is the most important part of animal epidemic prevention, which determines the ultimate effectiveness of animal epidemic prevention and control work. At present, our country and the following government veterinarian institutions and various market veterinarian service bodies have formed a more complete basic veterinary service system. By providing effective veterinary services to protect the animal husbandry health of our country Health development and public health safety have made great contributions. At the same time, the grass-roots veterinarian service system faces the personnel of the official institutions, the financial support, the conditions of the infrastructure and the actual work, the slow development of the main body of the market-oriented veterinary services, the current situation of the quality of service to be improved, and the scattered and domestic livestock and poultry and livestock and poultry. The urgent situation of animal epidemic prevention and control brought by the national large circulation is imperative. It is imperative to accelerate the construction and improvement of our veterinary service system. This article is the author's literature study on the current situation of veterinary service in China, the present situation of the development of the basic veterinary service system and the advanced experience of foreign veterinary services, on the spot investigation and questionnaire, Analysis and summary, put forward measures and Countermeasures for the construction of grass-roots veterinarian service system in accordance with China's national conditions. It is divided into five parts: the first part: the background research on the theoretical basis of the connotation and properties of veterinary services, and the analysis of the domestic and foreign demand for grass-roots veterinarian service. The second part: carding the grass-roots beasts for more than thirty years in China's reform and opening up. Under the influence of the social and economic environment of our country, the medical service has achieved the stage results under the guidance of the policy of veterinarian work. It is concluded that the grass-roots veterinarian team is the main force to carry out the veterinary public welfare function and technology popularization, and is suitable for taking the service mode which is to take on the combination of public service and individual business service. Third In the first part, the present situation and problems of the market-oriented veterinarian market service provided by the government and the main body of the veterinarian were analyzed. Secondly, a representative of the national limited liability company, a sole proprietorship or partnership, a specialized epidemic prevention cooperative, a non-profit organization and other new veterinarians. The service subject and model are used as an example to introduce the general situation of the service subject, the government support and assessment supervision and the income distribution pattern, and discuss the different organizational forms and modes to improve the epidemic prevention personnel's income and stabilize the epidemic prevention team. Through the government purchase service mechanism, the main responsibility of the epidemic prevention agents will be returned to the farmers, and the assessment of animal epidemic prevention and control will be strengthened. In the fourth part, the fourth part: the experience of foreign grass-roots veterinarian service in foreign countries. Based on the scientific and sound legal and animal epidemic prevention and control system, the powerful financial support, the effective economic prevention and control measures and the standardized industry management, the experience of the American veterinary public service is discussed, the market service status of the American practice veterinarian and the development background and service mode of the trusteeship company are introduced. And taking the EU major animal epidemic early warning system, traceability system and the main strength of the Australian social veterinarian as an example, the advanced experience of veterinary services in other developed countries was introduced. The fifth part: put forward the development proposal of the grass-roots veterinarian service system in our country. To establish a comprehensive, specific and operable system of laws and regulations with the actual work of the veterinarian; two is to smooth the system, improve the mechanism, continue to strengthen the reform of the grass-roots Township and township veterinary institutions, restore the township veterinary station, strengthen the public service function of the township stations, promote the government to purchase the public service mechanism of veterinary medicine, strengthen the supervision and act in strict accordance with the law; three On the financial input, we should strengthen the key support to the new basic veterinary service model, increase the total investment, adjust the investment structure, introduce the market mechanism, and further improve the financial security mechanism. In promoting the healthy development of the market-oriented service system for the grass-roots veterinarian, the first is to guide the establishment of the market based veterinary services for the grass-roots animals. The main body of medical service is to increase policy support and promote its ability to promote its ability. Two is to promote the transformation of the main body of traditional veterinary medicine at the grass-roots level, encourage the establishment of a new model and entity of the new veterinary services, and give full play to the three aspects of the industry management role of the non-profit organizations such as the association, and explore how to actively foster the main body of other veterinary marketing services.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S851.6

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