饲用微生物发酵花生秧粉对育肥猪生长效果的评价

发布时间：2018-07-12 17:09

本文选题：育肥猪 + 花生秧粉　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国养殖业逐渐转向规模化、集约化发展,对饲料的需求量在不断增加,因此饲料用粮势必增加,因而造成了形势十分严峻的人畜争粮现象;另外这种集约化养殖方式造成了疾病的暴发与流行,而目前主要的控制手段是大量使用抗生素等兽药,造成了严重的药物残留,不但影响人类健康,导致细菌耐药性增加,还对环境造成危害,为此,对畜产品品质提出更高要求。因此,健康节粮养殖方式的开发成为我国畜牧业亟待解决的主要问题。本研究的主要目的是利用饲用微生物发酵花生秧粉,提高花生秧粉的营养价值,从而降低粮食用量,并考察该粗饲料对育肥猪促生长及促健康的作用。本文以发酵花生秧粉替代部分常规饲料作为试验用粮,以身体健康的大白×长白×杜洛克三元杂交育肥猪120头为供试动物,将其随机分成4组,试验为期40天,对照组饲喂常规饲料,试验组Ⅰ饲喂90%常规饲料+10%发酵花生秧粉(湿重),试验组Ⅱ饲喂85%常规饲料+15%发酵花生秧粉(湿重),试验组Ⅲ饲喂80%常规饲料+20%发酵花生秧粉(湿重)。分别测定四组试猪的料肉比、增重成本、粪便中常规消化酶活力以及常规营养物质含量的变化情况,探明发酵花生秧粉对育肥猪的促生长作用;并分别测定试猪粪便中菌群数量、血液生化指标、腹泻率及死亡率等指标,进一步明确发酵花生秧粉对育肥猪健康的促进效果。结果表明:将饲用微生物发酵花生秧粉可极显著提高其营养物质的含量,与发酵前相比,发酵后花生秧粉的粗蛋白含量升高46.69%(P0.01),粗纤维含量降低19.82%(P0.01),中性洗涤纤维降低10.47%(P0.01),酸性洗涤纤维降低12.18%(P0.01),木质素含量降低12.79%(P0.05),有机酸含量升高67.96%(P0.01),粗脂肪含量降低66.43%(P0.01),而粗灰分含量无显著性变化(P0.05)。饲喂发酵花生秧粉可促进育肥猪的生长:降低料肉比,并提高养殖效益,且通过机理考察,其可提高育肥猪胃肠道消化酶的活力,促进其对饲料中营养物质的消化吸收。试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ的料肉比与对照组相比分别降低11.70%(P0.01),18.79%(P0.01),4.96%(P0.01);试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ的增重成本分别下降9.45%,16.39%,0.48%;试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ的全程成本分别下降4.71%,7.07%,9.23%;试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ的肠道消化酶活力与对照组相比,纤维素酶活力分别高15.68%(P0.01),16.59%(P0.01),4.10%(P0.05),蛋白酶活力分别提高2.41%(P0.05),3.10%(P0.05),6.28%(P0.05),淀粉酶活力分别提高17.07%(P0.01),14.02%(P0.05),14.02%(P0.05),脂肪酶活力分别提高2.58%(P0.05),4.68%(P0.05),4.78%(P0.05);试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ粪便中的常规营养物质含量与对照组相比,粗蛋白含量分别降低9.09%(P0.01),4.54%(P0.05),9.09%(P0.05),粗纤维含量分别降低5.71%(P0.05),5.56%(P0.05),2.86%(P0.05),木质素含量分别降低4.00%(P0.05),8.00%(P0.05),4.00%(P0.05),有机酸含量分别降低7.56%(P0.01),9.35%(P0.01),9.33%(P0.01),试验组Ⅰ及试验组Ⅲ的粗脂肪含量分别降低6.67%(P0.05),14.67%(P0.01),而试验组Ⅱ含量无变化;且粗灰分含量变化不大。饲喂发酵花生秧粉可以改善育肥猪肠道菌群结构、减少腹泻率的发生,对其血液生化指标无显著影响,并可促进试猪的健康。试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ肠道中的菌群数量与对照组相比,大肠杆菌数量分别降低48.75%(P0.01),35.36%(P0.01),40.99%(P0.01),双歧杆菌数量分别提高1.89%(P0.05),19.36%(P0.05),22.78%(P0.05),乳酸菌数量分别提高8.17%(P0.05),11.61%(P0.05),17.13%(P0.05),芽孢杆菌数量分别提高18.14%(P0.05),11.64%(P0.05),5.42%(P0.05);试验各组血液生化指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ及试验组Ⅲ的腹泻率分别降低80.07%(P0.01),76.14%(P0.01),83.33%(P0.01);试验组Ⅰ与试验组Ⅲ两组无死亡率,而试验组Ⅱ死亡率与对照组相比降低80.02%。本研究结果有力的证明了饲用微生物对发酵花生秧粉饲用价值的提升作用,以及发酵花生秧粉在育肥猪健康节粮养殖应用中的可行性。为新型饲用微生物菌剂的研制及其在生猪产业健康节粮养殖的应用奠定了试验基础。
[Abstract]:As China's breeding industry has gradually turned to scale, intensive development, and the demand for feed is increasing, the feed consumption is bound to increase, resulting in a serious phenomenon of human and livestock fighting. In addition, this intensive farming method has caused the outbreak of disease and the flow of disease, and the main control means is to use a large amount of resistance at present. Serious drug residues, such as raw materials, have caused serious drug residues, not only affect human health, lead to increasing bacterial resistance, but also cause harm to the environment. Therefore, the quality of livestock products is more demanding. Therefore, the development of healthy diet culture has become a major problem to be solved urgently in China's animal husbandry. The main purpose of this study is to use feeding. The microorganism fermented the peanut flour to improve the nutritive value of the peanut flour, thereby reducing the amount of grain, and inspecting the effect of the roughage on the growth and promoting health of the fattening pig. In this paper, the fermented peanut rice seedling powder was used instead of some conventional feed as the experimental grain, and 120 of the three yuan hybrid fattening pigs, which were healthy and healthy, were used as the feeding pigs. The test animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, the test lasted for 40 days, the control group was fed with conventional feed, the test group I fed 90% conventional feed +10% fermented peanut flour (wet weight), the experimental group II fed 85% conventional feed +15% fermented peanut flour (wet weight), and the experimental group III fed 80% conventional feed +20% fermented peanut seedling powder (wet weight). Four test pigs were tested respectively. The ratio of meat to meat, the cost of weight gain, the routine digestive enzyme activity in the feces and the change of the conventional nutrient content, the growth promoting effect of the fermented peanut seedling powder on the fattening pig was explored, and the number of bacteria in the feces, the biochemical indexes of the blood, the rate of diarrhea and the mortality of the pig were measured, and the health of the fermented peanut seedling was further clarified. The results showed that the nutrient content of peanut flour was greatly improved by fermenting the feed microbes. Compared with the fermentation, the crude protein content of the peanut flour increased by 46.69% (P0.01), the crude fiber content decreased by 19.82% (P0.01), the neutral detergent fiber decreased by 10.47% (P0.01), and the acid washing fiber was reduced by 12.18% (P0.01). The content of lignin was reduced by 12.79% (P0.05), the content of organic acid increased by 67.96% (P0.01), the content of crude fat decreased by 66.43% (P0.01), but there was no significant change in the crude ash content (P0.05). The feeding of fermented peanut seedling powder could promote the growth of fattening pig: reducing the ratio of meat and meat and raising the benefit of breeding, and through the mechanism investigation, it could improve the digestive tract digestion of the fattening pig. Experiment group I, test group II and test group III meat ratio decreased by 11.70% (P0.01), 18.79% (P0.01), 4.96% (P0.01), test group I, test group II and test group III weight increase cost decreased 9.45%, 16.39%, 0.48% respectively; test group I, test group II and The total cost of the experimental group III was reduced by 4.71%, 7.07%, 9.23% respectively. Experimental group I, experimental group II and test group III digestive enzyme activity was 15.68% (P0.01), 16.59% (P0.01), 4.10% (P0.05), 2.41% (P0.05), 3.10% (P0.05), 6.28% (P0.05), and amylase activity respectively. High 17.07% (P0.01), 14.02% (P0.05), 14.02% (P0.05), lipase activity increased 2.58% (P0.05), 4.68% (P0.05), 4.78% (P0.05). Test group I, test group II and test group III fecal routine nutrient content decreased 9.09% (P0.01), 4.54% (P0.05), 9.09% (P0.05), and crude fiber content decreased respectively. 5.71% (P0.05), 5.56% (P0.05), 2.86% (P0.05), lignin content decreased 4% (P0.05), 8% (P0.05), 4% (P0.05), organic acid content decreased 7.56% (P0.01), 9.35% (P0.01), 9.33% (P0.01). The crude fat content of test group I and test group III decreased 6.67% (P0.05), 14.67% (P0.01) respectively, and the test group II content was not changed; and crude ash content was not changed. Feeding fermented peanut seedling powder can improve the structure of intestinal flora, reduce the incidence of diarrhea, and have no significant influence on blood biochemical indexes, and promote the health of the test pigs. Test group I and test group II and test group, the number of Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract of the test group and the experimental group, the number of Escherichia coli decreased by 48.75% (P0. 01), 35.36% (P0.01), 40.99% (P0.01), the number of bifidobacteria increased by 1.89% (P0.05), 19.36% (P0.05), 22.78% (P0.05), the number of lactic acid bacteria increased by 8.17% (P0.05), 11.61% (P0.05), 17.13% (P0.05), and the number of Bacillus increased 18.14% (P0.05), 11.64% (P0.05), 5.42% (P0.05), respectively. The blood biochemical indexes of the experimental groups were all different from those of the control group. It was not significant (P0.05); test group I, test group II and test group III diarrhea rate decreased by 80.07% (P0.01), 76.14% (P0.01), 83.33% (P0.01); test group I and group III two group no mortality, and experimental group II mortality compared with the control group to reduce 80.02%. research results strongly proved that feed microbes feed on the fermented peanut seedling feeding The promotion of value and the feasibility of fermented peanut seedling powder in the application of healthy grain breeding for fattening pigs, which laid the experimental foundation for the development of the new forage microbial inoculant and the application of the healthy grain breeding in the pig industry.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828.5

【参考文献】