甲醛添加及贮后开封方式对新疆小芦苇青贮饲料二次发酵的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 22:07

【摘要】：本论文采用抽穗期的新疆小芦苇为青贮原料,试验设甲醛添加组和未添加甲醛组两种处理,青贮时间为50天,每个组再分成两个小组,第一组是贮存50 d后,一直开封,在此过程中分别在开封后的第0、3、8、15、20 d取样;第二组是贮存50 d后,分别在开封后的第0、3、8、15、20 d开封,每次开封时间为30 min,并在此过程中取样后封口;然后对样品的发酵品质、营养成分、微生物菌落总数进行分析,探索出新疆小芦苇青贮饲料在甲醛添加和未添加甲醛条件下二次发酵的变化规律及其最佳的抑制方法,为广大农牧民提供科学利用新疆小芦苇的方法。结果表明:随着贮后开封时间的延长,在未添加甲醛处理组中,进行开封30min/d处理的新疆小芦苇青贮饲料在贮后感官评定指标上优于一直开封处理组,并且在pH值、氨态氮浓度上比一直开封处理组低,两个组之间有极显著差异(P0.01);在添加甲醛处理组中,开封30min/d处理的新疆小芦苇青贮饲料二次发酵在贮后感官评定的指标最为理想,这两个组之间差异显著(P0.05);添加甲醛处理与未添加甲醛处理两个大组相互比较,添加甲醛组的感官评定指标及pH值、氨态氮浓度更为理想,两组之间pH值、氨态氮浓度差异极显著(P0.01)。各处理组乳酸含量均下降,乙酸和丁酸含量均呈上升趋势。添加甲醛且开封30 min/d处理组的乳酸含量最高,丁酸含量最低。从主要营养物质来看,甲醛添加及贮后不同开封方式的新疆小芦苇青贮饲料DM、CP、Ca、P含量随贮存时间的延长均呈下降趋势;而Ash、EE的含量呈现较稳定的状态;NDF和ADF含量随贮存时间的延长均呈上升趋势。总之,甲醛添加及贮后不同开封方式对新疆小芦苇青贮饲料二次发酵的营养成分有一定的影响。添加甲醛及贮后定期开封30 min/d处理是能有效防止新疆小芦苇青贮饲料二次发酵过程中营养物质的损失。从主要微生物菌落总数的变化来看,乳酸菌在添加甲醛且定期开封30 min/d处理组的菌落数最高,随着贮后开封时间的延长呈缓慢降低的趋势;酵母菌、霉菌在未添加甲醛且贮后一直开封处理组的菌落数最高,随着贮后开封时间的延长呈缓慢升高的趋势。总之,添加甲醛能有效抑制新疆小芦苇半干青贮饲料二次发酵。无论添加甲醛与否,开封30min/d的方式比一直开封的方式更能有效降低新疆小芦苇半干青贮饲料二次发酵的速度。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Xinjiang small Reed at heading stage was used as silage material. Two treatments, formaldehyde added group and no formaldehyde group, were set up in the experiment. The silage time was 50 days. Each group was divided into two groups. The first group was stored for 50 days, and the first group was kept open for 50 days. In this process, the samples were taken at the 0 ~ 3N ~ (8) C ~ (8) C ~ (-1) 1520 d after Kaifeng, respectively. In the second group, after 50 days of storage, they were opened for 30 min each time, and then the fermentation quality of the sample was obtained, then the fermentation quality of the sample was obtained, and the fermentative quality of the sample was obtained. The nutrient composition and the total number of microbial colonies were analyzed to find out the change rule of secondary fermentation and the best inhibition method of the silage of small Reed silage in Xinjiang under the condition of adding formaldehyde and not adding formaldehyde. For the majority of farmers and herdsmen to provide a scientific use of the small Reed in Xinjiang. The results showed that, with the prolongation of opening time after storage, the sensory evaluation index of Xinjiang Reed silage treated with 30min/d was better than that of the untreated group, and the pH value of the silage was higher than that of the untreated group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was lower than that of the untreated group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). In the group of adding formaldehyde, the index of the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage treated with Kaifeng 30min/d was the most ideal after the storage, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The sensory evaluation index and pH value of formaldehyde added group were better than those of the control group, and the pH value between the two groups was higher than that of the control group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was significantly different (P0.01). The content of lactic acid decreased and the content of acetic acid and butyric acid increased in each treatment group. The content of lactic acid was the highest and the content of butyric acid was the lowest in the group treated with formaldehyde for 30 min/d. From the point of view of the main nutrients, the content of CP-CaOP in Xinjiang Reed silage with different ways of opening was decreased with the prolongation of storage time. However, the content of Ashfen EE was stable and the contents of NDF and ADF increased with the prolongation of storage time. In a word, the nutrient composition of the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage was influenced by the different ways of opening the silage after adding formaldehyde and after storage. Adding formaldehyde and opening it regularly for 30 min/d after storage could effectively prevent the loss of nutrients in the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage. From the change of the total number of main microorganism colonies, the number of lactic acid bacteria was the highest in the group of adding formaldehyde and opening for 30 min/d regularly, and the number of colonies decreased slowly with the prolongation of opening time after storage. The colony number of fungi was the highest in the untreated group without formaldehyde and was increased slowly with the prolongation of the opening time after storage. In short, formaldehyde can effectively inhibit the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed semi-dry silage. No matter whether formaldehyde was added or not, the rate of secondary fermentation of semi-dry silage in Xinjiang reeds could be reduced more effectively by the way of 30min/d in Kaifeng than that in the past.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.53

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