马铃薯茎叶青贮料的制作及其对体外发酵特性的影响
发布时间：2018-07-18 12:55
【摘要】：本文旨在研究马铃薯茎叶青贮料的制作及其对体外发酵特性的影响。共包括2个试验。试验1:添加米糠和玉米对马铃薯茎叶青贮特性和发酵品质的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,分别为马铃薯茎叶单独青贮、85%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠青贮、82%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+3%玉米青贮、80%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+5%玉米青贮、78%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+7%玉米青贮,共构成5个处理组,每个处理6个重复。用真空包装机按比例将青贮原料装入食品包装袋。避光保存于室内,青贮45 d。与马铃薯茎叶相比,米糠和玉米有较高的干物质(DM)和水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量以及较低的缓冲能值(BC)。随着米糠和玉米添加比例的增加,混合后原料的BC逐渐降低,DM和WSC逐渐升高。马铃薯茎叶单独青贮的品质最差,pH、氨氮(NH3-N)、乙酸(AA)、丁酸(BA)和乳酸/乙酸(LA/AA)最高,p H高达7.07,感官评分、乳酸(LA)含量最低。添加米糠后,显著提高了青贮品质,其pH、NH3-N、AA、BA和LA/AA显著下降,感官评分和LA显著提高。在米糠基础上进一步添加玉米使青贮品质得到进一步提高。但三个玉米添加组之间在多数指标没有显著差异(P0.05)。仅LA含量在7%处理组显著高于3%添加组,BA含量随着玉米的添加显著下降,在7%处理组没有检测到。与马铃薯茎叶单独青贮组相比,添加米糠和玉米显著提高了青贮料的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)(P0.05),显著降低了粗蛋白质(CP)(P0.05)。试验2:用RUSITEC研究马铃薯茎叶青贮料对体外发酵特性的影响Rusitec系统的8个罐分为2个处理组,分别为处理T1(全株玉米青贮料组)和处理T2(马铃薯茎叶青贮料组),每个处理4个罐,即每个处理4个重复。T2组的瘤胃甲烷产量(CH4)显著低于T1组(P0.05),低50%,总产气量也是同样的变化趋势,虽然无显著差异(P=0.085)。投料后6、9和12 h的pH、全期乙酸、乙/丙(A/P)在T2组显著低于T1组(P0.05);全期丁酸和总酸(TA)在T2组显著高于全株玉米青贮料组(P0.05)。T2组总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)和微生物蛋白氮含量显著高于T1组(P0.05)。青贮料对各养分的降解率没有影响(P0.05)。综合而言,新鲜马铃薯茎叶单独青贮不易成功,通过添加米糠和玉米能够显著提高青贮料品质且以添加15%米糠+5%玉米青贮料品质最好。马铃薯茎叶青贮料较全株玉米青贮料降低了乙酸含量、乙/丙和甲烷产量,增加了丁酸、总酸、总氮、NH3-N和微生物氮含量,从而更有利于能量利用和减少甲烷对环境的污染。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the preparation of potato stalk and leaf silage and its effect on in vitro fermentation. A total of 2 experiments were included. Experiment 1: effects of rice bran and corn on the silage characteristics and fermentation quality of potato stem and leaf. The experiment was conducted with a single factor complete random design. Potato stem and leaf separately silage 85% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran silage 82% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 3% corn silage 80% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 5% corn silage 78% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 7% corn silage. A total of 5 treatment groups, each treatment 6 duplicates. The silage material is packed into the food packaging bag in proportion to the vacuum packaging machine. Sheltered in the room, silage 45 days. Compared with potato stem and leaf, rice bran and corn had higher dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and lower buffer energy value (BC). With the increase of the proportion of rice bran and corn, the BC of mixed raw material decreased gradually, DM and WSC increased gradually. The quality of potato stem and leaf silage alone was the worst pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), (AA), butyric acid (BA) and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA-AA) were the highest, the sensory score and the content of lactic acid (LA) were the lowest. When rice bran was added, the silage quality was significantly improved, the pH value of NH3-Na-AABA and LA / AA decreased significantly, the sensory score and LA increased significantly. The silage quality was further improved by adding corn on the basis of rice bran. However, there was no significant difference among the three maize supplementation groups in most indexes (P0.05). Only the content of LA in 7% treatment group was significantly higher than that in 3% addition group, but the content of BA decreased significantly with maize addition, but not in 7% treatment group. The dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the silage were significantly increased by adding rice bran and corn (P0.05), and the crude protein (CP) was significantly decreased (P0.05). Experiment 2: RUSITEC was used to study the effects of potato stalk and leaf silage on fermentation characteristics in vitro. Eight tanks of Rusitec system were divided into two treatment groups, treatment T1 (whole corn silage group) and T2 (potato stem leaf silage group), each of which was treated with 4 tanks. The methane production (Ch _ 4) of each treatment group was significantly lower than that of T1 group (P0.05), and the total gas production was the same trend, although there was no significant difference (P0. 085). At the pH of 6 h and 12 h after feeding, the contents of acetic acid, ethyl / c (A / P) in T2 group were significantly lower than those in T1 group (P0.05), and the contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and microbial protein nitrogen (NH3-N) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in T1 group (P0.05), while the total butyric acid (TA) and total acid (TA) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in the whole plant corn silage group (P0.05). The silage had no effect on the degradation rate of each nutrient (P0.05). In general, the silage of fresh potato stems and leaves was not easy to succeed. The silage quality could be improved significantly by adding rice bran and corn, and the best quality was obtained by adding 15% rice bran and 5% corn silage. Compared with the whole plant corn silage, potato stalk and leaf silage reduced acetic acid content, ethylene / c ratio and methane yield, increased butyric acid, total nitrogen, NH _ 3-N and microbial nitrogen content, which was more beneficial to energy utilization and reduction of methane pollution to the environment.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816.53
本文编号：2131965
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the preparation of potato stalk and leaf silage and its effect on in vitro fermentation. A total of 2 experiments were included. Experiment 1: effects of rice bran and corn on the silage characteristics and fermentation quality of potato stem and leaf. The experiment was conducted with a single factor complete random design. Potato stem and leaf separately silage 85% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran silage 82% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 3% corn silage 80% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 5% corn silage 78% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 7% corn silage. A total of 5 treatment groups, each treatment 6 duplicates. The silage material is packed into the food packaging bag in proportion to the vacuum packaging machine. Sheltered in the room, silage 45 days. Compared with potato stem and leaf, rice bran and corn had higher dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and lower buffer energy value (BC). With the increase of the proportion of rice bran and corn, the BC of mixed raw material decreased gradually, DM and WSC increased gradually. The quality of potato stem and leaf silage alone was the worst pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), (AA), butyric acid (BA) and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA-AA) were the highest, the sensory score and the content of lactic acid (LA) were the lowest. When rice bran was added, the silage quality was significantly improved, the pH value of NH3-Na-AABA and LA / AA decreased significantly, the sensory score and LA increased significantly. The silage quality was further improved by adding corn on the basis of rice bran. However, there was no significant difference among the three maize supplementation groups in most indexes (P0.05). Only the content of LA in 7% treatment group was significantly higher than that in 3% addition group, but the content of BA decreased significantly with maize addition, but not in 7% treatment group. The dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the silage were significantly increased by adding rice bran and corn (P0.05), and the crude protein (CP) was significantly decreased (P0.05). Experiment 2: RUSITEC was used to study the effects of potato stalk and leaf silage on fermentation characteristics in vitro. Eight tanks of Rusitec system were divided into two treatment groups, treatment T1 (whole corn silage group) and T2 (potato stem leaf silage group), each of which was treated with 4 tanks. The methane production (Ch _ 4) of each treatment group was significantly lower than that of T1 group (P0.05), and the total gas production was the same trend, although there was no significant difference (P0. 085). At the pH of 6 h and 12 h after feeding, the contents of acetic acid, ethyl / c (A / P) in T2 group were significantly lower than those in T1 group (P0.05), and the contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and microbial protein nitrogen (NH3-N) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in T1 group (P0.05), while the total butyric acid (TA) and total acid (TA) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in the whole plant corn silage group (P0.05). The silage had no effect on the degradation rate of each nutrient (P0.05). In general, the silage of fresh potato stems and leaves was not easy to succeed. The silage quality could be improved significantly by adding rice bran and corn, and the best quality was obtained by adding 15% rice bran and 5% corn silage. Compared with the whole plant corn silage, potato stalk and leaf silage reduced acetic acid content, ethylene / c ratio and methane yield, increased butyric acid, total nitrogen, NH _ 3-N and microbial nitrogen content, which was more beneficial to energy utilization and reduction of methane pollution to the environment.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816.53
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