某蛋种鸡场鸡滑液囊支原体传播规律及感染来源的研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 17:31

【摘要】：鸡滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)是一种主要引起慢性疾病的家禽病原,主要侵害鸡和火鸡,引起滑膜炎及呼吸系统疾病。病鸡表现出关节渗出性滑膜炎、关节及脚垫肿胀、气囊炎等。该病原在全球范围内广泛传播,虽死亡率低,但鸡群感染造成产蛋量下降或肉质下降、孵化率降低等给养鸡业造成了巨大的经济损失。某种蛋鸡场受到鸡滑液囊支原体的感染,本研究通过建立PCR检测方法,对父母代鸡进行传播规律研究,并对感染可能的来源进行了初步调查,对该种蛋鸡场控制该病传播具有指导意义。主要结果如下:1.建立了灵敏度高的PCR检测方法;对父母代鸡群从1日龄开始进行了跟踪实验:50只鸡每2周采集血清、咽拭子及肛拭子,用PCR方法检测病原,用ELISA方法检测血清中抗体。揭示了鸡滑液支原体在鸡群中的传播规律:1日龄时,雏鸡体内未检出病原,但母源抗体高;6周内,鸡体内未检出MS病原,母源抗体水平下降至0,不能再保护鸡群免受感染;第8周开始,咽拭子样品中开始出现病原,同时抗体水平升高,鸡群受到感染;10周至14周抗体阳性率快速升高,至全群阳性,是MS在鸡群中快速传播的阶段;但病原始终只在咽拭子中检测到,肛拭子、血清中未见阳性,表明该次感染途径为呼吸道传播,未经消化道排毒。2.对孵化车间7个点3次重复环境检测、父母代鸡舍环境7个点进鸡前、养殖过程中的重复环境检测均显示MS阴性,表明父母代感染的MS并非来自环境污染。对父母代鸡使用的全部活疫苗每个批次均进行了外源病原检测,未发现MS阳性的疫苗,故父母代感染的MS也不是来自疫苗的外源感染。排除了感染父母代鸡的鸡滑液囊支原体来自孵化车间、鸡舍及活疫苗的可能性。根据病原的传播规律,推断病原由祖代垂直传播而来。
[Abstract]:Mycoplasma synoviae MS (Mycoplasma synoviae MS) is a kind of poultry pathogen which mainly causes chronic diseases, mainly invades chicken and turkey, and causes synovitis and respiratory diseases. The diseased chicken showed exudative synovitis, swelling of joint and foot pad, balloon inflammation and so on. The pathogen is widely spread in the world. Although the mortality rate is low, the number of eggs or meat quality is decreased, and the hatchability is reduced, which has caused great economic losses to the chicken industry. Some layers were infected by Mycoplasma synovium. In this study, a PCR method was established to study the transmission rules of parent chickens, and the possible sources of infection were preliminarily investigated. It is of guiding significance to control the spread of the disease in this kind of laying chicken farm. The main results are as follows: 1. A highly sensitive PCR method was established for the detection of the pathogens in the chickens of parents' generation, and the serum samples, pharynx swabs and anal swabs were collected every 2 weeks from 1 day old to 50 broilers. The pathogens were detected by PCR, and the antibodies in the serum were detected by Elisa. The results showed that the transmission rule of mycoplasma synovial fluid in chickens was that no pathogen was detected in chicks at the age of 1 day, but no MS pathogen was detected in chickens with high maternal antibody within 6 weeks, and the maternal antibody level decreased to 0, which could no longer protect the chickens from infection. At the 8th week, the pathogen began to appear in the throat swabs, and the antibody level increased, and the positive rate of antibodies increased rapidly from 10 weeks to 14 weeks after infection, which was the stage of rapid transmission of MS in chickens. But the pathogen was only detected in pharynx swab, anal swab, no positive in serum, indicating that the route of infection is respiratory tract transmission, without detoxification of digestive tract. 2. In hatching workshop, the repeated environment was detected 3 times at 7 points of incubation workshop, and before 7 points of parents acting for chicken house. The repeated environmental test in breeding process showed MS negative, indicating that the MS infected by parent generation was not from environmental pollution. All the live vaccines used by parents were tested for exogenous pathogens, no MS positive vaccine was found, so the MS infected by parents was not from the exogenous infection of vaccine. The possibility that mycoplasma synovial sac from hatching workshop, chicken coop and live vaccine was excluded. According to the law of pathogen transmission, it is inferred that the pathogen was transmitted vertically from ancestral generation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.31

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